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Fig. 1. The major epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression. The exon-intron structure of a gene is shown as dark blue and light blue rectangles, respectively. (A) – Methylation of cytosine residues in the CpG island located in the gene promoter region. (B) – The most common modifications of the histone proteins involved in gene expression activation (acetylation of either histone H3 lysine 9 or histone H4 lysine 5 (H3K9ac/H4K5ac) and trimethylation of either histone H3 lysine 3 or histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3/H3K3me3)) and suppression (trimethylation of either histone H3 lysine 9 or histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K9me3/H3K27me3)). (C) – MicroRNA-mediated repression of mRNA translation and degradation |