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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27916</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27916</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reconstruction and paleogenetic characterization of the genome of Princess Maria Vsevolozha, wife of Grand Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реконструкция и палеогенетическая характеристика генома княгини Марии Всеволжи, жены великого князя Всеволода Большое Гнездо</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhur</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жур</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharko</surname><given-names>F. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарко</surname><given-names>Ф. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиренов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrovolskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добровольская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhortchouk</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорчук</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prokhortchouk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский институт истории Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт археологии Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Zhur K.V., Leonova M.V., Sharko F.S., Pankratova E.D., Sirenov A.V., Korobov D.S., Dobrovolskaya M.V., Makarov N.A., Prokhortchouk E.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Жур К.В., Леонова М.В., Шарко Ф.С., Панкратова Е.Д., Сиренов А.В., Коробов Д.С., Добровольская М.В., Макаров Н.А., Прохорчук Е.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhur K.V., Leonova M.V., Sharko F.S., Pankratova E.D., Sirenov A.V., Korobov D.S., Dobrovolskaya M.V., Makarov N.A., Prokhortchouk E.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жур К.В., Леонова М.В., Шарко Ф.С., Панкратова Е.Д., Сиренов А.В., Коробов Д.С., Добровольская М.В., Макаров Н.А., Прохорчук Е.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27916">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27916</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Grand Prince of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest and his wife Maria Vsevolozha (Shvarnovna) had twelve children, eight of whom were sons; Grand Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky was their grandson. Two competing hypotheses exist regarding the origin of Maria Vsevolozha, attributing it to either Ossetian or Czech nobility. Maria Shvarnovna was buried in the Knyaginin Monastery in Vladimir, Russia. Although her remains were reinterred several times, they were never moved from the original burial location. During the 2015 restoration works, skeletal remains, presumably belonging to Maria Shvarnovna, were sampled for paleogenetic analysis in order to determine their origin. More than 144,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Their analysis demonstrated that the remains belong to a female carrying mitochondrial haplogroup U4b1a4 and unambiguously confirmed a third-degree biological relationship (great-grandmother–great-grandson) with Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich, the son of Grand Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. This result fully corresponds to the genealogical relationships described in medieval chronicles. A multivariate statistical analysis of the genome revealed the two most probable proximal genetic sources of her origin: an Alan component, understood here in a broad cultural-historical sense encompassing populations of the Early and High Middle Ages, and an East Eurasian component. Among medieval populations, the genome of Maria Shvarnovna shows the closest genetic affinity to individuals associated with the Saltovo-Mayaki archaeological culture, characteristic of the Don forest-steppe region and resulting from the migration of Alan tribes, as well as to individuals from the Kara-Zhygach necropolis (14<sup>th</sup> century), whose genomes also consist of a dominant Alan and a minor East Eurasian component. Not only do the findings support the Alan hypothesis and reject the Czech origin of Maria Shvarnovna, but they also allow one to confidently assert the reliable genetic identification of early representatives of the Rurikid princely dynasty due to the confirmed biological relationship with her great-grandson Dmitry Alexandrovich.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Великий Владимирский князь Всеволод Большое Гнездо и его жена Мария Всеволжа (Шварновна) имели 12 детей, из которых 8 были сыновьями; а их внуком был великий князь Александр Ярославич Невский. Относительно происхождения Марии Всеволжи существует две различных точки зрения, обосновывающие ее принадлежность к осетинской или чешской знати. Мария Шварновна похоронена в Княгинином монастыре во Владимире, ее останки неоднократно перекладывались, но не переносились с изначального места погребения. При проведении реставрационных работ в 2015 году часть костных останков, предположительно принадлежавших Марии Шварновне, была взята для проведения палеогенетического анализа с целью установления их происхождения. Было определено более 144 000 однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов генома, анализ которых указал на то, что останки принадлежат женщине с митохондриальной гаплогруппой U4b1a4, а также однозначно подтвердил родственную связь третьего порядка (правнук–прабабушка) с князем Дмитрием Александровичем, сыном великого князя Александра Ярославича Невского, что соответствует летописному описанию родственных связей Марии Всеволжи. Статистическая многомерная характеристика генома княгини указывает на два самых вероятных проксимальных генетических источника происхождения – аланский, в широком культурно-историческом понимании этнонима, объединяющего представителей раннего и развитого Средневековья, и восточноевразийский. Среди возможных средневековых популяций, наиболее близких генетически к геному Марии Шварновны, выделяются носители салтово-маяцкой археологической культуры, характерной для населения лесостепной части Подонья, сложившейся в результате переселения в этот регион аланских племен, а также с индивидами, найденными в некрополе Кара-Жыгач (XIV век), чьи геномы также состоят из доминирующей аланской и минорной восточноевразийской составляющих. Полученные результаты позволяют не только подтвердить аланскую и отвергнуть чешскую версию о происхождении Марии Шварновны, но за счет подтвержденной родственной связи с ее правнуком Дмитрием Александровичем уверенно утверждать о достоверной генетической идентификации древних представителей княжеского рода Рюриковичей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rurikids</kwd><kwd>Princess Maria Shvarnovna</kwd><kwd>Alan origin</kwd><kwd>ancient DNA</kwd><kwd>whole-genome sequencing</kwd><kwd>IBD analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Рюриковичи</kwd><kwd>княгиня Мария Шварновна</kwd><kwd>аланское происхождение</kwd><kwd>древняя ДНК</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>IBD-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124060400040-3</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by funding from the State Assignment project No. 124060400040-3</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке темы Государственного задания 124060400040-3</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhur KV, Sharko FS, Sedov VV, et al. 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