Acta NaturaeActa NaturaeActa Naturae2075-8251Acta Naturae Ltd2788110.32607/actanaturae.27881ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleLong non-coding RNAs: allies and enemies of HIV infectionДлинные некодирующие РНК: союзники и враги ВИЧ-инфекцииKikhaiT. F.КихайТ. Ф.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Chemistry

химический факультет

kih.t1996@yandex.ruMashkovskaiaA. V.МашковскаяА. В.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics

факультет биоинженерии и биоинформатики

kih.t1996@yandex.ruOretskayaT. S.ОрецкаяТ. С.
Russian Federation
kih.t1996@yandex.ruAgapkinaY. Y.АгапкинаЮ. Ю.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Chemistry

химический факультет

kih.t1996@yandex.ruGottikhM. B.ГоттихM. Б.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Chemistry

химический факультет

gottikh@belozersky.msu.ruLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. ЛомоносоваBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityНаучно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии им. А.Н. Белозерского Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова2307202618220351111202520042026Copyright ©; 2026, Kikhai T.F., Mashkovskaia A.V., Oretskaya T.S., Agapkina Y.Y., Gottikh M.B.Copyright ©; 2026, Кихай Т.Ф., Машковская А.В., Орецкая Т.С., Агапкина Ю.Ю., Готтих M.Б.2026Kikhai T.F., Mashkovskaia A.V., Oretskaya T.S., Agapkina Y.Y., Gottikh M.B.Кихай Т.Ф., Машковская А.В., Орецкая Т.С., Агапкина Ю.Ю., Готтих M.Б.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27881

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes, including chromatin modification, cell differentiation, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, etc. Recent studies have revealed that lncRNAs can have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of viral infections by acting as both positive and negative regulators of viral gene expression. This review summarizes the available data on lncRNAs associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). LncRNAs can regulate both the active replication cycle and the latent phase of the HIV-1 infection, during which the integrated proviral DNA remains transcriptionally silent. Moreover, lncRNAs may serve as diagnostic markers and are potential therapeutic targets. A deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between lncRNAs and HIV-1 is essential for developing innovative treatments for the HIV infection and the associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Длинные некодирующие РНК (днРНК) участвуют в различных биологических процессах, включая модификацию хроматина, дифференцировку клеток, транскрипцию и сплайсинг пре-мРНК, трансляцию и т.д. В последнее время появляется все больше данных о том, что днРНК влияют на развитие вирусных инфекций, выступая как положительные, так и отрицательные регуляторы. В настоящем обзоре мы постарались суммировать данные о днРНК, связанных с инфекцией, вызываемой вирусом иммунодефицита человека первого типа (ВИЧ-1). днРНК могут влиять как на активную репликацию, так и на латентное состояние ВИЧ-1, при котором интегрированная провирусная ДНК находится в транскрипционно неактивном состоянии. Более того, днРНК могут представлять собой как диагностические биомаркеры, так и новые мишени для разработки терапевтических средств. Более глубокое понимание сложного взаимодействия между днРНК и ВИЧ-1 поможет разработать инновационные методы лечения ВИЧ-инфекции и синдрома приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД).

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