<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27833</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cellular type is a major determinant of R-loop genomic distribution</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тип клеток как один из основных факторов, определяющих распределение R-петель в геноме</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynikova</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейникова</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute of Bioengineering; Infochemistry Scientific Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт биоинженерии; Центр инфохимии</p></bio><email>alexey.ruzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhigalova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жигалова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute of Bioengineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт биоинженерии</p></bio><email>alexey.ruzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hutchins</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатчинс</surname><given-names>Э. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="CN">China</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра системной биологии, факультет естественных наук</p></bio><email>alexey.ruzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рузов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute of Bioengineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт биоинженерии</p></bio><email>alexey.ruzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФИЦ Биотехнологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Southern University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южный университет науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-26"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Oleynikova K.Y., Zhigalova N.A., Hutchins A.P., Ruzov A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Олейникова К.Ю., Жигалова Н.А., Хатчинс Э.П., Рузов А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oleynikova K.Y., Zhigalova N.A., Hutchins A.P., Ruzov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Олейникова К.Ю., Жигалова Н.А., Хатчинс Э.П., Рузов А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27833">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27833</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>R-loops that contain a DNA:RNA hybrid and unpaired single-stranded DNA are important determinants of normal cell physiology and of the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Although several different approaches to R-loop mapping in the genome have been developed, these techniques can produce conflicting results. In order to assess their robustness, a recent study by Chedin et al. compared the R-loop genomic distribution assessed using different methods in normal and cancer cell lines. Importantly, that study assumed a high degree of similarity between R-loop genomic distributions across different cellular types. Here, we compared DRIP datasets produced using the same protocol in different cell lines to show that only 26% of R-loop peaks are shared between chronic myeloid leukemia-derived HAP1 cells and human pluripotent stem cells. Meanwhile, HAP1-derived double knockout cell lines are characterized by much higher fractions of R-loop peaks that are identical both to each other (most of them) and to the R-loop peaks of their parental line (71 and 55%). We conclude that cellular type represents a major determinant of R-loop genomic distribution and, therefore, that only a systematic comparison of a large array of various cell/tissue type-derived R-loop datasets may address the inconsistencies between different R-loop mapping techniques.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>R-петли − молекулярные структуры, состоящие из ДНК:РНК-гибрида и неспаренной одноцепочечной ДНК, − участвуют как в нормальной жизнедеятельности клеток, так и в патогенезе многочисленных заболеваний. Разработано несколько подходов к картированию R-петель в геноме, однако результаты, полученные разными методами, часто противоречат друг другу. В недавнем исследовании Чедина и соавт. сравнили геномное распределение R-петель в нормальных и опухолевых клеточных линиях, определенное с использованием различных методологий. Важно заметить, что авторы этого исследования исходили из неартикулированного постулата о высокой степени сходства между геномным распределением R-петель в разных типах клеток. В настоящей работе сравнили наборы данных ДНК:РНК-иммунопреципитации (DNA:RNA IP, DRIP), полученные с использованием одного и того же протокола на разных клеточных линиях, и показали, что только 26% пиков R-петель являются общими для клеток HAP1, происходящих из хронического миелоидного лейкоза, и плюрипотентных стволовых клеток человека. В то же время в линиях клеток с нокаутом двух генов, полученных от родительской линии HAP1, намного более значительные доли пиков R-петель идентичны как друг другу (подавляющее большинство), так и пикам R-петель их родительской линии (71 и 57.7%). Сделан вывод, что тип клеток является одним из основных факторов, определяющих геномное распределение R-петель, и, следовательно, только систематическое сравнение большого массива наборов данных, полученных из разных типов клеток/тканей, может устранить несоответствия между различными методами картирования этих структур.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>R-loops</kwd><kwd>DNA:RNA hybrids</kwd><kwd>DNA-RNA Immunoprecipitation (DRIP)</kwd><kwd>cellular differentiation</kwd><kwd>hPSCs</kwd><kwd>HAP1 cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>R-петли</kwd><kwd>ДНК:РНК-гибриды</kwd><kwd>ДНК-РНК-иммунопреципитация (DRIP)</kwd><kwd>клеточная дифференцировка</kwd><kwd>hPSC</kwd><kwd>клетки HAP1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-65-00022</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-65-00022). The work conducted by K.Yu. Oleynikova involving the analysis of hPSC dataset was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа финансировалась в рамках проекта Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-65-00022). Работа К.Ю. Олейниковой по анализу набора данных hPSC человека была поддержана Министерством науки и высшего образования РФ.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguilera P, Aguilera A. R-loop homeostasis in genome dynamics, gene expression and development. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2025;92:102325. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2025.102325</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguilera P, Aguilera A. R-loop homeostasis in genome dynamics, gene expression and development. Current Opinion in Genetics &amp; Development. 2025;92:102325. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2025.102325</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadav C, Yadav R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Ahuja P. The hidden architects of the genome: a comprehensive review of R-loops. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;51(1):1095. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-10025-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadav C, Yadav R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Ahuja P. The hidden architects of the genome: a comprehensive review of R-loops. Molecular Biology Reports. 2024;51(1):1095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boguslawski SJ, Smith DE, Michalak MA, et al. Characterization of monoclonal antibody to DNA.RNA and its application to immunodetection of hybrids. J Immunol Methods. 1986;89(1):123-130. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90040-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boguslawski SJ, Smith DE, Michalak MA, Mickelson KE, Yehle CO, Patterson WL, Carrico RJ. Characterization of monoclonal antibody to DNA.RNA and its application to immunodetection of hybrids. J Immunol Methods. 1986;89:123-130. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90040-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García-Rubio M, Soler-Oliva ME, Aguilera A. Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA–RNA Hybrids in Yeast by DRIPc-Seq and DRIP-Seq. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2528:429-443. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García-Rubio M, Soler-Oliva ME, Aguilera A. Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA–RNA Hybrids in Yeast by DRIPc-Seq and DRIP-Seq. In R-Loops: Methods and Protocols New York, NY: Springer US; 2022:429-443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H, Li C, Liang K. Genome-wide native R-loop profiling by R-loop cleavage under targets and tagmentation (R-Loop CUT&amp;Tag). Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2528:345-357. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H, Li C, Liang K. Genome-wide native R-loop profiling by R-loop cleavage under targets and tagmentation (R-Loop CUT&amp;Tag). In R-Loops: Methods and Protocols New York, NY: Springer US; 2022:345-357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malig M, Hartono SR, Giafaglione JM, Sanz LA, Chedin F. Ultra-deep coverage single-molecule R-loop footprinting reveals principles of R-loop formation. J Mol Biol. 2020;432(7):2271-2288. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malig M, Hartono SR, Giafaglione JM, Sanz LA, Chedin F. Ultra-deep coverage single-molecule R-loop footprinting reveals principles of R-loop formation. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2020;432(7):2271-2288. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerritelli SM, Sakhuja K, Crouch RJ. RNase H1, the gold standard for R-loop detection. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2528:91-114. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerritelli SM, Sakhuja K, Crouch RJ. RNase H1, the gold standard for R-loop detection. R-Loops: Methods and Protocols. 2022:91-114. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chédin F, Hartono SR, Sanz LA, Vanoosthuyse V. Best practices for the visualization, mapping, and manipulation of R‐loops. EMBO J. 2021;40(4):e106394. doi: 10.15252/embj.2020106394</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chédin F, Hartono SR, Sanz LA, Vanoosthuyse V. Best practices for the visualization, mapping, and manipulation of R‐loops. EMBO Journal. 2021;40(4):e106394. doi: 10.15252/embj.2020106394</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abakir A, Giles TC, Cristini A, et al. N6-methyladenosine regulates the stability of RNA: DNA hybrids in human cells. Nat Genet. 2020;52(1):48-55. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0549-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abakir A, Giles TC, Cristini A, Foster JM, Dai N, Starczak M, et al. N6-methyladenosine regulates the stability of RNA: DNA hybrids in human cells. Nature Genetics. 2020;52(1):48-55. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0549-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayona-Feliu A, Barroso S, Muñoz S, Aguilera A. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex helps resolve R-loop-mediated transcription–replication conflicts. Nat Genet. 2021;53(7):1050-1063. doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00867-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bayona-Feliu A, Barroso S, Muñoz S, Aguilera A. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex helps resolve R-loop-mediated transcription–replication conflicts. Nature Genetics. 2021;53(7):1050-1063. doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00867-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Werner M, Trauner M, Schauer T, et al. Transcription-replication conflicts drive R-loop-dependent nucleosome eviction and require DOT1L activity for transcription recovery. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025;53(4):gkaf109. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaf109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Werner M, Trauner M, Schauer T, Ummethum H, Márquez-Gómez E, Lalonde M, et al. Transcription-replication conflicts drive R-loop-dependent nucleosome eviction and require DOT1L activity for transcription recovery. Nucleic Acids Research. 2025;53(4):gkaf109. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaf109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carette JE, Guimaraes CP, Varadarajan M, et al. Haploid genetic screens in human cells identify host factors used by pathogens. Science. 2009;326(5957):1231-1235. doi: 10.1126/science.1178955</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carette JE, Guimaraes CP, Varadarajan M, Park AS, Wuethrich I, Godarova A, et al. Haploid genetic screens in human cells identify host factors used by pathogens. Science. 2009;326(5957):1231-1235. doi: 10.1126/science.1178955</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
