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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27830</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27830</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The distribution and genetic variability of potato viruses in Russian regions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространение и генетическое разнообразие вирусов картофеля в регионах России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samarskaya</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарская</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butyrin</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутырин</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suprunova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супрунова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spechenkova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спеченкова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taliansky</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тальянский</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского</p></bio><email>kalinina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Doka-Gene Technologies Ltd.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Дока-Генные Технологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Samarskaya V.O., Butyrin F.A., Suprunova T.P., Spechenkova N.A., Taliansky M.E., Kalinina N.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Самарская В.О., Бутырин Ф.А., Супрунова Т.П., Спеченкова Н.А., Тальянский М.Э., Калинина Н.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samarskaya V.O., Butyrin F.A., Suprunova T.P., Spechenkova N.A., Taliansky M.E., Kalinina N.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самарская В.О., Бутырин Ф.А., Супрунова Т.П., Спеченкова Н.А., Тальянский М.Э., Калинина Н.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27830">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27830</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Viral diseases represent an increasingly serious threat for potato production all around the world, including in the Russian Federation, which leads to a significant decrease in potato crop yield, quality, and shelf life. In this study, we carried out screening of potato leaf and tuber samples collected from commercial potato fields to determine the spread of potato viruses in 16 regions of the European part, and two regions in the Ural Federal District, of the Russian Federation. The samples were sequenced, and full-length viral genomes were subsequently assembled <italic>de novo</italic>. A phylogenetic analysis of the identified virus variants was performed to assess their genetic diversity and possible origin. It has been shown that the most dangerous and economically important potato virus Y (PVY) is widespread and is represented by recombinant variants, NTNa, NTNb, and N-Wi being the most common ones. The second most common virus was potato virus M (PVM), which was frequently encountered in conjunction with potato virus S (PVS). The presence of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), which is recognized as an economically detrimental potato pathogen, along with PVY, has been found in two Russian regions. Mixed infections were detected in at least half of the studied samples, many containing both PVY and PVM (about one-third of all the samples). The data on the evolutionary variability of virus populations lay the groundwork for developing innovative strategies meant to contain a broad range of viruses and their strains using specifically designed double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирусные заболевания, снижающие урожайность, качество и сроки хранения картофеля, представляют серьезную проблему для продукции картофеля во всем мире, в том числе и в РФ. В настоящей работе на материале, собранном на коммерческих полях картофеля, изучено распространение вирусов картофеля в 16 регионах Европейской части РФ и 2 регионах Уральского федерального округа. Полноразмерные геномы вирусов были собраны <italic>de novo</italic> на основе данных РНК-секвенирования нового поколения образцов РНК, выделенных из листьев и проростков клубней картофеля. Проведен филогенетический анализ выявленных вариантов вирусов, что позволило оценить их генетическое разнообразие и возможное происхождение. Показано, что наиболее опасный и экономически важный Y вирус картофеля (PVY) распространен повсеместно и представлен только рекомбинантными вариантами, среди которых наиболее часто встречаются NTNa, NTNb и N-Wi. Вторым по частоте распространения является М вирус картофеля (PVM), который во многих случаях определяется совместно с S вирусом картофеля (PVS). В двух областях РФ показано присутствие вируса скручивания листьев картофеля (PLRV), который наряду с PVY является важным и опасным патогеном картофеля. Не менее чем в половине изученных образцов выявлены смешанные инфекции, наиболее частым было одновременное присутствие вирусов PVY и PVM (около трети всех образцов). Данные о популяциях вирусов в РФ и актуальных изменениях в геномах РНК-содержащих вирусов картофеля, для которых характерен высокий уровень эволюционной изменчивости, используются для разработки инновационной стратегии защиты растений от вирусов, основанной на механизме РНК-интерференции, с применением дцРНК, специфичных к последовательности вирусного генома.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potato</kwd><kwd>potato viruses</kwd><kwd>RNA sequencing</kwd><kwd>viral genome</kwd><kwd>de novo assembly</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>regions of the Russian Federation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>картофель</kwd><kwd>вирусы картофеля</kwd><kwd>РНК-секвенирование</kwd><kwd>вирусный геном</kwd><kwd>сборка de novo</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>регионы РФ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-74-30003</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-74-30003).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 23-74-30003).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevenson WR, Loria R, Franc GD, Weingartner DP, eds. 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