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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27800</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27800</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The potential role of the bacterial persister formation gene <italic>ptsH</italic> in hypervirulence development in <italic>Кlebsiella pneumoniae</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование потенциальной роли гена бактериального персистерогенеза <italic>ptsH</italic> в механизмах гипервирулентности <italic>Кlebsiella pneumoniae</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutel'yan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власенко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarev</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sycheva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarlycheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарлычева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelenkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеленков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondrat’eva</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Tutel'yan A.V., Vlasenko N.V., Pisarev V.M., Mikhailova Y.V., Sycheva N.V., Tarlycheva A.A., Shelenkov A.A., Kondrat’eva D.K., Akimkin V.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Тутельян А.В., Власенко Н.В., Писарев В.М., Михайлова Ю.В., Сычева Н.В., Тарлычева А.А., Шеленков А.А., Кондратьева Д.К., Акимкин В.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tutel'yan A.V., Vlasenko N.V., Pisarev V.M., Mikhailova Y.V., Sycheva N.V., Tarlycheva A.A., Shelenkov A.A., Kondrat’eva D.K., Akimkin V.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тутельян А.В., Власенко Н.В., Писарев В.М., Михайлова Ю.В., Сычева Н.В., Тарлычева А.А., Шеленков А.А., Кондратьева Д.К., Акимкин В.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27800">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27800</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Persistence – i.e., the ability to exist in a metabolically inactive form – allows bacteria to accumulate genetic advantages. The evolution of the pathogenic potential of <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic> has led to the emergence of strains simultaneously characterized by increased aggressiveness (virulence) and prolonged survival in the host organism. This combination of properties contributes to the emergence of “superbugs,” necessitating the search for specific markers that would make it possible to prevent the spread of highly adaptive clones. Hypervirulent <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> (hvKp) strains represent a growing global health threat, since they combine high invasiveness and antibiotic resistance. An analysis of 92 <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> clinical isolates was conducted to assess the prevalence of the key hypervirulence genes (<italic>iroB</italic>, <italic>peg-344</italic>, <italic>rmpA</italic>, <italic>rmpA2</italic>, and <italic>iucA</italic>) and investigate their association with the bacterial persister formation gene <italic>ptsH</italic>. It was found that 64.1% (59/92) of the isolates carried at least one <italic>hvKp</italic> gene, <italic>iucA</italic> being the most frequent one (62.0%). The full set of five hvKp genes was identified in only one case (1%). The strains of sequence types ST23, ST268, ST86, ST534, ST219, ST101, and ST395 accumulated virulence genes, whereas ST512 and ST14 rarely harbored hvKp genes. A key finding was the detection of a significant association between the presence of the <italic>ptsH</italic> gene (found in 50% of the strains) and the accumulation of hvKp genes: the <italic>ptsH</italic>-positive strains were statistically more likely to harbor the complete aerobactin operon (<italic>iucABCD</italic>), in combination with one or more additional hypervirulence genes, compared to the <italic>ptsH</italic>-negative strains (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Our findings indicate that the <italic>ptsH</italic> gene is crucial in the formation of polygenically determined hypervirulence, and that its role in controlling bacterial persistence creates evolutionary advantages under stress induced by antibiotics or immune factors, thus promoting evasion of their actions. The phosphotransferase system (PTS), to which the <italic>ptsH</italic> gene belongs, can potentially become a novel source of molecular targets for the therapy of infections caused by hypervirulent <italic>K.</italic> <italic>pneumoniae</italic> strains.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Способность к персистенции – существованию в метаболически неактивной форме – позволяет бактериям накапливать генетические преимущества. Эволюция патогенного потенциала <italic>Klebsiella</italic> <italic>pneumoniae</italic> привела к появлению штаммов, сочетающих повышенную агрессивность (вирулентность) и длительное выживание в организме-хозяине. Эта комбинация свойств способствует формированию «супермикробов», что делает необходимым научный поиск специфических маркеров, позволяющих предупреждать распространение высокоадаптивных клонов. Гипервирулентные штаммы <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> (hvKp) представляют растущую угрозу для мирового здравоохранения, поскольку сочетают высокую инвазивность и антибиотикорезистентность. Для оценки распространенности ключевых генов гипервирулентности (<italic>iroB, peg-344, rmpA, rmpA2, iucA</italic>) и изучения их связи с геном персистерогенеза <italic>ptsH </italic>провели анализ 92 клинических изолятов <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>. Установлено, что 64.1% (59/92) изолятов содержат хотя бы один ген hvKp, при этом наиболее частым был <italic>iucA</italic> (62.0%). Полный набор пяти генов hvKp выявлен лишь в одном случае (1%). Штаммы сиквенс-типов ST23, ST268, ST86, ST534, ST219, ST101 и ST395 накапливали гены вирулентности, тогда как ST512, ST14 редко несли гены hvKp. Ключевым результатом стало обнаружение значимой ассоциации между наличием гена <italic>ptsH</italic> (обнаружен в 50% штаммов) и накоплением генов hvKp: <italic>ptsH</italic>-позитивные штаммы статистически чаще, чем <italic>ptsH</italic>-отрицательные, несли полный оперон аэробактина (<italic>iucABCD</italic>) в сочетании с одним и более дополнительными генами гипервирулентности (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Результаты свидетельствуют, что ген <italic>ptsH</italic> важен для формирования полигенно детерминированной гипервирулентности, а его роль в контроле бактериальной персистенции создает эволюционные преимущества в условиях стресса, вызванного антибиотиками или факторами иммунитета, способствуя ускользанию от их действия. Фосфотрансферазная система (PTS), к которой принадлежит ген <italic>ptsH</italic>, может быть новым источником молекулярных мишеней для терапии инфекций, вызванных гипервирулентными штаммами <italic>K.</italic> <italic>pneumoniae</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>K. pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>hypervirulence</kwd><kwd>persister formation</kwd><kwd>PTS system</kwd><kwd>ptsH gene</kwd><kwd>aerobactin</kwd><kwd>sequence typing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>K. pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>гипервирулентность</kwd><kwd>персистерогенез</kwd><kwd>PTS-система</kwd><kwd>ген ptsH</kwd><kwd>аэробактин</kwd><kwd>сиквенс-типирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Budgetary Research Institution "Central Research Institute of Epidemiology", Rospotrebnadzor</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ernst CM, Braxton JR, Rodriguez-Osorio CA, et al. 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