Acta NaturaeActa NaturaeActa Naturae2075-8251Acta Naturae Ltd2770710.32607/actanaturae.27707ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticlemRNA-based personalized cancer vaccines: opportunities, challenges and outcomesПерсонализированные мРНК-вакцины в онкологии: возможности, сложности и перспективыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-1728-0723NPJ-0555-20253726-8132IbragimovaArina A.ИбрагимоваАрина Александровна
Russian Federation

Cancer Research Institute

Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии

arina.budnitskaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-253557211136209FedorovAnton A.ФедоровАнтон Андреевич
Russian Federation

Cancer Research Institute

Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии

anton.fedorov.2014@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5208-2495KirilenkoKirill M.КириленкоКирилл Михайлович
Russian Federation

Center for Systems Bioinformatics

Центр системной биоинформатики

kirillkirilenko.tomsk@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-06656603352329C-9892-20122240-8730ChoynzonovEvgeny L.ЧойнзоновЕвгений Лхамацыренович
Russian Federation

Cancer Research Institute

Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии

choinzonov.el@ssmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-975526653961800C-8662-2012DenisovEvgeny V.ДенисовЕвгений Владимирович
Russian Federation

Cancer Research Institute

Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии

d_evgeniy@oncology.tomsk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-757657200569624Q-9364-2017PatyshevaMarina R.ПатышеваМарина Ринатовна
Russian Federation

Cancer Research Institute

Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии

patysheva_mr@onco.tnimc.ruTomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of SciencesТомский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук0412202517417373105202506082025Copyright ©; 2025, Ibragimova A.A., Fedorov A.A., Kirilenko K.M., Choynzonov E.L., Denisov E.V., Patysheva M.R.Copyright ©; 2025, Ибрагимова А.А., Федоров А.А., Кириленко К.М., Чойнзонов Е.Л., Денисов Е.В., Патышева М.Р.2025Ibragimova A.A., Fedorov A.A., Kirilenko K.M., Choynzonov E.L., Denisov E.V., Patysheva M.R.Ибрагимова А.А., Федоров А.А., Кириленко К.М., Чойнзонов Е.Л., Денисов Е.В., Патышева М.Р.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27707

mRNA-based cancer vaccines represent an innovative approach to cancer treatment. Cancer mRNA vaccines are structurally based on specific tumor antigens, a technique which enables the patient’s immune system to become activated against cancer cells. Clinical trials of mRNA vaccines against various types of tumors, including melanoma, lung cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, breast cancer and others, are currently underway. Because of their favorable safety profile and adaptability, these therapeutics hold considerable promise in efforts to enhance cancer treatment efficacy and prolong patient life. This review outlines steps in the development of manufacturing technologies for mRNA-based therapeutics, describes the algorithm used to design personalized anti-tumor mRNA vaccines, discusses their practical implementation, and summarizes current clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy.

Противоопухолевые вакцины на основе мРНК представляют собой инновационный подход к лечению онкологических заболеваний. Противоопухолевые мРНК-вакцины структурно основаны на специфических опухолевых антигенах, что позволяет активировать иммунную систему пациента для борьбы с раковыми клетками. На сегодняшний день проводятся клинические испытания мРНК-вакцин против различных типов опухолей, включая меланому, рак легкого, рак поджелудочной железы, рак молочной железы и другие. Благодаря безопасности и гибкости применения, эти препараты имеют значительный потенциал для повышения эффективности лечения злокачественных новообразований и увеличения продолжительности жизни пациентов. В обзоре представлена информация о развитии технологии производства препаратов на основе мРНК, алгоритме создания персонализированных противоопухолевых мРНК-вакцин, практических аспектах их применения, а также рассмотрены актуальные клинические исследования персонализированных мРНК-вакцин в онкологии.

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