Acta NaturaeActa NaturaeActa Naturae2075-8251Acta Naturae Ltd2767410.32607/actanaturae.27674ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleMitophagy in age-dependent neurodegenerationМитофагия при возраст-зависимой нейродегенерацииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-6939SukhorukovVladimir S.СухоруковВладимир Сергеевич
Russian Federation
Vsukhorukov@gmail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-255657193900543HPH-7378-20239663-8645EgorovaAnna V.ЕгороваАнна Валериевна
Russian Federation
AV_Egorova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-6349-6566RomanenkoAleksandr S.РоманенкоАлександр Сергеевич
Russian Federation
devlton@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5596-7630RyabovaMaria S.РябоваМария Сергеевна
Russian Federation
ryabovamarias@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2258-6155KrasilnikovaAnna P.КрасильниковаАнна Павловна
Russian Federation
anya.egorova.pavl@mail.ruRussian Center of Neurology and NeurosciencesФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский центр неврологии и нейронаукPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова»M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»0412202517464711804202502072025Copyright ©; 2025, Sukhorukov V.S., Egorova A.V., Romanenko A.S., Ryabova M.S., Krasilnikova A.P.Copyright ©; 2025, Сухоруков В.С., Егорова А.В., Романенко А.С., Рябова М.С., Красильникова А.П.2025Sukhorukov V.S., Egorova A.V., Romanenko A.S., Ryabova M.S., Krasilnikova A.P.Сухоруков В.С., Егорова А.В., Романенко А.С., Рябова М.С., Красильникова А.П.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27674

Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuronal damage during aging. The high energy dependence of neurons makes them particularly vulnerable to age-related changes accompanied by oxidative stress and impaired energy metabolism. The maintenance of a pool of functional mitochondria is regulated by mitophagy, which ensures the utilization of damaged organelles, thereby preventing the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain aging is accompanied by a reduced level of activity of metabolic processes, aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction, and an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review highlights the molecular and signaling pathways of mitophagy and its dysregulation during physiological and pathological aging, which is of particular interest for identifying pharmaceutical targets and developing potential therapies for neurodegenerative conditions.

Митохондриальная дисфункция является одним из патогенетических механизмов повреждения нейронов в процессе старения. Высокая энергетическая зависимость нервных клеток делает их особо уязвимыми для возраст-ассоциированных изменений, которые сопровождаются окислительным стрессом и нарушением энергетического метаболизма. Поддержание пула функциональных митохондрий регулируется митофагией, обеспечивающей утилизацию поврежденных органелл и препятствующей прогрессированию митохондриальной дисфункции. Старение головного мозга сопровождается снижением активности митофагических процессов, нарастанием митохондриальной дисфункции и увеличением риска развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких как болезнь Альцгеймера и болезнь Паркинсона. В данном обзоре освещаются молекулярные и сигнальные пути митофагии, ее дисрегуляция при физиологическом и патологическом старении, что представляет особый интерес для выявления фармацевтических мишеней и разработки потенциальной терапии нейродегенеративных состояний.

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