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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27579</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">LINE-1 methylation status in multiple sclerosis patients is associated with changes in folate metabolism</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Статус метилирования LINE-1 у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом ассоциирован с изменениями фолатного обмена</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsymbalova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цымбалова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyavskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bisaga</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бисага</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushin</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatina</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdurasulova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдурасулова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lioudyno</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Людыно</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlioudyno@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBSI “Institute of Experimental medicine”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE “Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-30"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-29"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Tsymbalova E.A., Chernyavskaya Е.А., Bisaga G.N., Polushin A.Y., Lopatina E.I., Abdurasulova I.N., Lioudyno V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Цымбалова Е.А., Чернявская Е.А., Бисага Г.Н., Полушин А.Ю., Лопатина Е.И., Абдурасулова И.Н., Людыно В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsymbalova E.A., Chernyavskaya Е.А., Bisaga G.N., Polushin A.Y., Lopatina E.I., Abdurasulova I.N., Lioudyno V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цымбалова Е.А., Чернявская Е.А., Бисага Г.Н., Полушин А.Ю., Лопатина Е.И., Абдурасулова И.Н., Людыно В.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27579">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27579</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The disruption of epigenetic regulation and the development of abnormal DNA methylation patterns are crucial steps in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Methylation alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may contribute to the dysregulation of gene expression linked to the regulation of inflammation, myelin production, and the preservation of the integrity of the myelin sheath. The possibility that epigenetic alterations could be reversed provides a rationale for studying their mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the methylation status of LINE-1 retrotransposons in the peripheral blood cells of patients with MS and healthy controls. In healthy individuals, LINE-1 methylation levels were observed to decrease with advancing age. MS patients exhibited a positive correlation between LINE-1 methylation and MS duration. The study indicates that the level of LINE-1 methylation is notably higher in progressive MS compared to the remitting type. LINE-1 methylation variations in MS patients were observed to be associated with the serum levels of homocysteine and vitamin B9, and dependent on the genotype for the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene as well. The data obtained point to the contribution of the C677T polymorphism to the appearance of epigenetic disorders in MS development and suggest that hypermethylation may be mediated by disruptions in the folate metabolism that accompany MS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нарушение эпигенетической регуляции и формирование аберрантных паттернов метилирования ДНК – важный компонент патогенеза нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Изменения метилирования, обнаруживаемые у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом (РС), могут лежать в основе нарушения экспрессии генов, связанных с контролем воспалительных реакций, образованием миелина и поддержанием стабильной структуры миелиновой оболочки. Потенциальная обратимость эпигенетических изменений определяет целесообразность изучения их механизмов. В представленной работе оценено метилирование ретротранспозонов семейства LINE-1 в периферических клетках крови пациентов с РС и здоровых лиц контрольной группы. У здоровых испытуемых отмечено снижение уровня метилирования LINE-1 с возрастом. У пациентов с РС выявлена положительная корреляционная связь уровня метилирования LINE-1 с длительностью РС. Показано, что при прогрессирующем течении РС уровень метилирования LINE-1 достоверно выше, чем при ремиттирующем типе РС. Установлено, что обнаруживаемые при РС изменения метилирования LINE-1 коррелируют с изменением сывороточных уровней гомоцистеина и витамина В9, а также зависят от генотипа по полиморфизму С677Т гена MTHFR. Полученные данные показывают вклад полиморфизма С677Т в реализацию эпигенетических нарушений при развитии РС и указывают на то, что гиперметилирование может быть опосредовано нарушениями фолатного обмена при РС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>methylation</kwd><kwd>LINE-1</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>homocysteine</kwd><kwd>folate metabolism</kwd><kwd>C677T polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метилирование</kwd><kwd>LINE-1</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>гомоцистеин</kwd><kwd>метаболизм фолатов</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм С677Т</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-25-00312</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Oksenberg J.R. // Expert. 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