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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27558</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Hypomethylating Agent 5-Azacitidine Potentiates the Effect of RAS and Sp1 Inhibitors in Neuroblastoma Cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гипометилирующий агент 5-азацитидин усиливает действие ингибиторов RAS и Sp1 в клетках нейробластомы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanenko</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иваненко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snezhkina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снежкина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotovskaia</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотовская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попенко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzdin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буздин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prassolov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прасолов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karina.ivanenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff5"><institution>European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-08"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ivanenko K.A., Snezhkina A.V., Zolotovskaia M.A., Spirin P.V., Leonova O.G., Popenko V.I., Kudryavtseva A.V., Buzdin A.A., Prassolov V.S., Lebedev T.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Иваненко К.А., Снежкина А.В., Золотовская М.А., Спирин П.В., Леонова О.Г., Попенко В.И., Кудрявцева А.В., Буздин А.А., Прасолов В.С., Лебедев Т.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanenko K.A., Snezhkina A.V., Zolotovskaia M.A., Spirin P.V., Leonova O.G., Popenko V.I., Kudryavtseva A.V., Buzdin A.A., Prassolov V.S., Lebedev T.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иваненко К.А., Снежкина А.В., Золотовская М.А., Спирин П.В., Леонова О.Г., Попенко В.И., Кудрявцева А.В., Буздин А.А., Прасолов В.С., Лебедев Т.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27558">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27558</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neuroblastoma is a malignant solid tumor caused by the transformation of neural crest cells. Neuroblastoma predominantly occurs in children and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this regard, the development of novel approaches to neuroblastoma treatment, including combination therapy, is relevant. DNA hypermethylation of neuroblastoma cells indicates that it is possible to use hypomethylating agents in a combination therapy of the disease. In order to identify effective combinations of antitumor drugs, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes that take place in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacitidine and then experimentally tested the effectiveness of these combinations. Mithramycin A and lonafarnib were the two drugs that, in combination with 5-azacitidine, appeared to exert a synergistic effect on SH-SY5Y cell death. These drugs inhibit the signaling pathway associated with the transcription factor Sp1 and RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, which are activated by 5-azacitidine. An analysis of the signaling pathways also revealed an activation of the signaling pathways associated with neuroblastoma cell differentiation, as well as apoptosis induction, as confirmed by multiplex and confocal microscopy. Hence, by analyzing the changes in the signaling pathways, the mechanisms of cell death and cell adaptation to hypomethylating agents can be understood, and this can be further used to develop novel therapeutic approaches to neuroblastoma therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейробластома – злокачественная солидная опухоль, возникающая в результате трансформации клеток нервного гребня. Нейробластома встречается преимущественно у детей и характеризуется неблагоприятным течением. В связи с этим актуальна разработка новых подходов к терапии нейробластом, в том числе к комбинированной терапии. Увеличение уровня метилирования ДНК, обнаруженное в клетках нейробластомы, указывает на потенциальную возможность использования гипометилирующих агентов в комбинированной терапии этого заболевания. Для выявления эффективных комбинаций противоопухолевых препаратов нами проведен анализ изменений транскриптома клеток нейробластомы SH-SY5Y после обработки гипометилирующим агентом 5-азацитидином с последующей экспериментальной проверкой эффективности этих комбинаций. Обнаружены два препарата – митрамицин А и лонафарниб – совместное применение которых с 5-азацитидином синергически усиливает гибель клеток SH-SY5Y. Эти препараты ингибируют сигнальный путь, связанный с фактором транскрипции Sp1, и сигнальный путь RAS-MAPK, которые активируются под действием 5-азацитидина. Анализ сигнальных путей также выявил активацию сигнальных каскадов, связанных с дифференцировкой клеток нейробластомы и индукцией апоптоза, что было подтверждено методами мультиплексной и конфокальной микроскопии. Таким образом, анализ изменения сигнальных путей позволяет установить механизмы гибели клеток и их адаптации к гипометилирующим агентам, что может быть в дальнейшем использовано для разработки новых подходов к терапии нейробластомы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric malignant diseases</kwd><kwd>combination therapy</kwd><kwd>epigenetic regulators</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детские злокачественные заболевания</kwd><kwd>комбинированная терапия</kwd><kwd>эпигенетические регуляторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-14-00353</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2019-1660</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Matthay K.K., Maris J.M., Schleiermacher G., Nakagawara A., Mackall C.L., Diller L., Weiss W.A. // Nat. 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