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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27555</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27555</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Short communications</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Краткие сообщения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en"><italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus</italic> PG lipopolysaccharide as a potential blocker of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 activation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Липополисахарид <italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus</italic> PG – потенциальный блокатор активации Тоll-подобных рецепторов 2 и 4</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute for Biological Instrumentation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт биологического приборостроения РАН </p></bio><email>zusvet@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzyukevich</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радзюкевич</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute of Basic Biological Problems</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт фундаментальных проблем биологии РАН </p></bio><email>zusvet@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyakova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косякова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zusvet@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenko</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренко</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute of Basic Biological Problems</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт фундаментальных проблем биологии РАН </p></bio><email>zusvet@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФИЦ ПНЦБИ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital at the Pushchino Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Больница Пущинского научного центра РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-06"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zubova S.V., Radzyukevich Y.V., Kosyakova N.I., Prokhorenko I.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Зубова С.В., Радзюкевич Я.В., Косякова Н.И., Прохоренко И.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zubova S.V., Radzyukevich Y.V., Kosyakova N.I., Prokhorenko I.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зубова С.В., Радзюкевич Я.В., Косякова Н.И., Прохоренко И.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27555">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27555</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role in the development of an inflammation in response to a bacterial infection. We studied the effect of <italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus</italic> PG lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on <italic>proinflammatory</italic> cytokine synthesis activation by the TLR2 and TLR4 agonists E. coli LPS, Streptococcus <italic>pyogenes lipoteichoic</italic> acid (LTA), and Pam3CSK4 (a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide) in human whole blood cells. <italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus </italic>PG LPS was shown to exhibit antagonistic properties against the studied TLR4 and TLR2 agonists, blocking the synthesis of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Possible mechanisms behind the suppressing effect of <italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus</italic> PG LPS are proposed. <italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus</italic> PG LPS can serve as a prototype for drugs against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>TLR2 и TLR4 играют ключевую роль в развитии воспаления в ответ на бактериальную инфекцию. На клетках цельной крови человека исследовали действие липополисахарида (LPS) <italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus</italic> PG на активацию синтеза провоспалительных цитокинов агонистами рецепторов TLR2 и TLR4 LPS <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, липотейхоевой кислотой (LTA) Streptococcus pyogenes или Pam3CSK4 (синтетическим аналогом бактериальных липопептидов). Показано, что LPS R. capsulatus PG проявляет антагонистические свойства в отношении исследуемых агонистов TLR2 и TLR4, блокируя синтез цитокинов TNF-α, IL-6 и IL-8. Предложены возможные механизмы блокирующего действия LPS <italic>R. capsulatus</italic> PG. LPS <italic>R. capsulatus</italic> PG может служить прототипом препаратов, защищающих как от грамотрицательных, так и от грамположительных бактерий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lipopolysaccharides</kwd><kwd>Rhodobacter capsulatus</kwd><kwd>lipoteichoic acids</kwd><kwd>Pam3CSK4</kwd><kwd>TLR</kwd><kwd>CD14</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>липополисахариды</kwd><kwd>Rhodobacter capsulatus</kwd><kwd>липотейхоевые кислоты</kwd><kwd>Pam3CSK4</kwd><kwd>TLR</kwd><kwd>CD14</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1023033100509-9-1.6.7</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-01512-22-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mukherjee S., Karmakar S., Babu S.P.S. // Braz. 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