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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27549</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunoregulatory enzymes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунорегуляторные ферменты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Evolutionary Cytogenetics </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория эволюционной цитогенетики</p></bio><email>pfft@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirilenko</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириленко</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Evolutionary Cytogenetics </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория эволюционной цитогенетики</p></bio><email>pfft@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starkov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старков</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Evolutionary Cytogenetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория эволюционной цитогенетики</p></bio><email>pfft@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kupriyanov S.V., Kirilenko K.M., Starkov D.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Куприянов С.В., Кириленко K.M., Старков Д.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kupriyanov S.V., Kirilenko K.M., Starkov D.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куприянов С.В., Кириленко K.M., Старков Д.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27549">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27549</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Immunoregulatory enzymes, which function both as biological catalysts and regulatory elements, play a crucial role in controlling immune responses. Dysfunction of these proteins can contribute to various pathological conditions, such as the suppression of antitumor immunity or impairment of anti-infectious immune responses. This review discusses the most extensively studied immunoregulatory enzymes, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, arginase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1. Their classification is provided, along with an analysis of the distinctive characteristics inherent to this group of enzymes. Additionally, new directions for the medical application of immunoregulatory enzymes are explored.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммунорегуляторные ферменты, обладающие активностью и биологических катализаторов, и регуляторных элементов, играют ключевую роль в контроле иммунных реакций, а нарушение функций этих белков может быть причиной различных патологических состояний, таких как супрессия противоопухолевого иммунного ответа или нарушение противоинфекционного иммунитета. В данном обзоре описаны такие наиболее изученные иммунорегуляторные ферменты, как индоламин-2,3-диоксигеназа 1, аргиназа 1, индуцибельная синтаза оксида азота, глицеральдегид-3-фосфатдегидрогеназа, эктонуклеозидтрифосфат-дифосфогидролаза 1, приведена их классификация, рассмотрены особенности, присущие представителям данной группы. Рассмотрены также новые направления медицинского применения иммунорегуляторных ферментов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Immunometabolism</kwd><kwd>immune response regulation</kwd><kwd>enzymatic regulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунометаболизм</kwd><kwd>регуляция иммунного ответа</kwd><kwd>ферментативная регуляция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Villani A.C., Sarkizova S., Hacohen N. // Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2018. V. 36. № 1. 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