<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27546</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27546</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The toxin-producing ability of <italic>Fusarium proliferatum</italic> strains isolated from grain</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Токсинопродуцирующая способность штаммов гриба <italic>Fusarium proliferatum</italic>, выделенных из зерна</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olgavrilova1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olgavrilova1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagkaeva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагкаева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olgavrilova1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гогина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Sergiev Posad, 141311 </p></bio><email>olgavrilova1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт птицеводства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Gavrilova O.P., Orina A.S., Gagkaeva T.Y., Gogina N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Гаврилова О.П., Орина А.С., Гагкаева Т.Ю., Гогина Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilova O.P., Orina A.S., Gagkaeva T.Y., Gogina N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова О.П., Орина А.С., Гагкаева Т.Ю., Гогина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27546">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27546</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The widespread fungus <italic>Fusarium proliferatum</italic> can infect numerous plant species and produce a range of mycotoxins, the amount of which can vary significantly. Twelve F. proliferatum sensu lato strains isolated from six wheat, four oat, and two maize grain samples were analyzed. The strains were identified through a phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences derived from gene fragments of the translation elongation factor EF-1α, β-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II second subunit. The mating types of the strain were determined by allele-specific PCR. Secondary toxic metabolite production by the strains was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). All twelve Fusarium strains formed a distinct clade alongside the <italic>F. proliferatum</italic> reference strains, thereby confirming the taxonomic identification. Only one idiomorph at the MAT locus in each <italic>F. proliferatum</italic> strain was found, indicative of heterothallic mating. The frequency of the MAT1-1 idiomorph was double that of the MAT1-2 idiomorph. The active biosynthesis of fumonisins B1 (71–6175 mg/kg), B2 (12–2661 mg/kg), and B3 (6–588 mg/kg), significant beauvericin (64–455 mg/kg), and trace amounts of moniliformin (12–6565 μg/kg) were identified across all examined <italic>F. proliferatum</italic> strains.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гриб <italic>Fusarium</italic><italic> </italic><italic>proliferatum</italic> распространен повсеместно, способен инфицировать широкий спектр растений и синтезирует разнообразные микотоксины, количество которых может значительно варьировать. Проанализированы 12 штаммов <italic>F. </italic><italic>proliferatum</italic><italic> </italic><italic>sensu</italic><italic> </italic><italic>lato</italic>, выделенных из зерна пшеницы (6), овса (4) и кукурузы (2). С целью идентификации штаммов проводили филогенетический анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей фрагментов генов фактора элонгации трансляции EF-1a, β-тубулина и второй субъединицы РНК-полимеразы II. Тип спаривания определяли с помощью специфичной ПЦР. Профиль микотоксинов, продуцируемых штаммами, определяли методом жидкостной хромато-масс-спектрометрии. Все 12 штаммов <italic>Fusarium</italic> формировали на филогенетическом дереве отдельную кладу с референсными штаммами <italic>F. </italic><italic>proliferatum</italic>, что подтверждает их видовую принадлежность. Установлено присутствие в каждом штамме только одной идиоморфы в локусе МАТ, что указывает на гетероталличный тип спаривания гриба. Идиоморфа МАТ1-1 встречалась в 2 раза чаще, чем МАТ1-2. Все штаммы <italic>F</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>proliferatum</italic> активно продуцировали фумонизины В1 (71–6175 мг/кг), В2 (12–2661 мг/кг) и В3 (6–588 мг/кг), а также высокие количества боверицина (64–455 мг/кг) и более низкие количества (12–6565 мкг/кг) монилиформина.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>mycotoxins</kwd><kwd>HPLC-MS/MS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>микотоксины</kwd><kwd>ВЭЖХ-МС/МС</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundatioin</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-76-30005</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Yilmaz N., Sandoval-Denis M., Lombard L., Visagie C.M., Wingfield B.D., Crous P.W. // Persoonia. 2021. V. 46. P. 129–162.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Leslie J.F. // Canadian J. Botany. 1995. V. 7. P. 282–291.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>O’Donnell K., Nirenberg H.I., Aoki T., Cigelnik E. // Mycoscience. 2000. V. 41. P. 61–78.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Kvas M., Marasas W.F.O., Wingfield B.D., Wingfield M.J., Steenkamp E.T // Fungal Diversity. 2009. V. 34. P. 1–21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Wigmann E.F., Behr J., Vogel R.F., Niessen L. // Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019. V. 103. P. 5323–5337.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Brown D.W., Proctor R.H. // Fungal Genetics Biol. 2016. V. 89. P. 37–51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Niehaus E.-M., Münsterkötter M., Proctor R.H., Brown D.W., Sharon A., Idan Y., Oren-Young L., Sieber C. M., Novák O., Pěnčík A., et al. // Genome Biol. Evol. 2016. V. 8. № 11. P. 3574–3599.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Jurado M., Marín P., Callejas C., Moretti A., Vázquez C., González-Jaén M.T. // Food Microbiol. 2010. V. 27. № 1. P. 50–57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Proctor R.H., van Hove F., Susca A., Stea G., Busman M., van der Lee T., Waalwijk C., Moretti A., Ward T.J. // Mol. Microbiol. 2013. V. 90. № 2. P. 290–306.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Stępień L., Koczyk G., Waśkiewicz A. // Fungal Biol. 2011. V. 115. № 2. Р. 112–123.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Proctor R.H., Desjardins A.E., Moretti A. The role of plant pathology in food safety and food security / Eds Strange R., Gullino M. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010. V. 3. P. 97–111.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Qiu J., Lu Y., He D., Lee Y.W., Ji F., Xu J., Shi J. // Plant Disease. 2020. V. 104. № 8. P. 2193–2201.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Yu H., Hwang S.F., Strelkov S.E. // Pathogens. 2024. V. 13. № 5. P. 407.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Mondani L., Chiusa G., Pietri A., Battilani P. // Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2021. V. 173. Art. 111407.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Xie L., Wu Y., Duan X., Li T., Jiang Y. // Microbiol. Res. 2022. V. 256. Art. 126952.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Duan Y.N., Jiang W.T., Zhang R., Chen R., Chen X.S., Yin C.M., Mao Z.Q. // Plant Dis. 2022. V. 106. № 11. P. 2958–2966.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>López-Moral A., Antón-Domínguez B.I., Lovera M., Arquero O., Trapero A., Agustí-Brisach C. // Sci. Repts. 2024. V. 14. Art. 5720.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Gaige A.R., Todd T., Stack J.P. // Plant Dis. 2020. V. 104. № 8. P. 2102–2110.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Koo Y.M., Ahsan S.M., Choi H.W. // Mycobiology. 2023. V. 51. № 3. P. 186–194.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Munkvold G.P. // Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2003. V. 109. P. 705–713.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Desjardins A.E., Busman M., Proctor R.H., Stessman R. // Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2007. V. 24. № 10. P. 1131–1137.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Molnár O. // Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2016. V. 146. P. 699–703.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Guo Z., Pfohl K., Karlovsky P., Dehne H.W., Altincicek B. // PLoS One. 2018. V. 13. № 9. Art. e0204602.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Gaige A.R., Giraldo M., Todd T., Stack J.P. // Canadian J. Plant Pathol. 2019. V. 41. № 2. P. 242–250.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Booth C. The genus Fusarium. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute, 1971. 237 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Martin S.H., Wingfield B.D., Wingfield M.J., Steenkamp E.T. // Fungal Genet. Biol. 2011. V. 48. P. 731–740.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Leslie J.F., Klein K.K. // Genetics. 1996. V. 144. P. 557–567.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Stankovic S., Levic J., Petrovic T., Logrieco A., Moretti A. // Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2007. V. 118. P. 165–172.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Guo Z., Pfohl K., Karlovsky P., Dehne H.-W., Altincicek B. // Agricult. Food Sci. 2016. V. 25. P. 138–145.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Senatore M.T., Prodi A., Tini F., Balmas V., Infantino A., Onofri A., Cappelletti E., Oufensou S., Sulyok M., Covarelli L. // J. Sci. Food Agriculture. 2023. V. 103. № 9. P. 4503–4521.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Stanković S., Lević J., Krnjaja V. // Biotechnol. Animal Husbandry. 2011. V. 27. № 3. P. 631–641.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Cendoya E., Chiotta M.L., Zachetti V., Chulze S.N., Ramirez M.L. // J. Cereal Sci. 2018. V. 80. P. 158–166.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Kononenko G.P., Burkin A.A., Zotova Ye.V. // Veterinary Sci. Today. 2020. V. 2. P. 139–145.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Kamle M., Mahato D.K., Devi S., Lee K.E., Kang S.G., Kumar P. // Toxins. 2019. V. 11. № 6. Art. 328.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Кононенко Г.П., Буркин А.А., Зотова Е.В., Смирнов А.М. // Рос. сельскохоз. наука. 2019. № 3. С. 28–31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Tancic S., Stankovic S., Levic J., Krnjaja V., Vukojevi J. // Genetika. 2012. V. 44. № 1. P. 163–176.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Gálvez L., Urbaniak M., Waśkiewicz A., Stępień Ł., Palmero D. // Food Microbiol. 2017. V. 67. P. 41–48.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Gasser K., Sulyok M., Spangl B., Krska R., Steinkellner S., Hage-Ahmed K. // Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2023. V. 200. Art. 112312.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>O’Donnell K., Laraba I., Geiser D.M. Fusarium wilt. Methods in molecular biology. New York: Humana, 2022. P. 1–20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Steenkamp E.T., Wingfield B.D., Coutinho T.A., Zeller K.A., Wingfield M.J., Marasas W.F.O., Leslie J.F. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000. V. 66. P. 4378–4382.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Malachová A., Sulyok M., Beltrán E., Berthillera F., Krska R. // J. Chromatography A. 2014. V. 1362. P. 145–156.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Palacios S.A., Susca A., Haidukowski M., Stea G., Cendoya E., Ramírez M.L., Chulze S.N., Farnochi M.C., Moretti A., Torres A.M. // Internat. J. Food Microbiol. 2015. V. 201. P. 35–41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Wang L., Liu Q., Ge S., Liang W., Liao W., Li W., Jiao G., Wei X., Shao G., Xie L., et al. // Front. Microbiol. 2022. V. 13. Art. 1004454.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Busman M., Desjardins A.E., Proctor R.H. // Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2012. V. 29. № 7. P. 1092–1100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Cendoya E., Pinson-Gadais L., Farnochi M.C., Ramirez M.L., Chéreau S., Marcheguay G., Ducos C., Barreau C., Richard-Forget F. // Internat. J. Food Microbiol. 2017. V. 253. P. 12–19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Vismer H.F., Shephard G.S., van der Westhuizen L., Mngqawa P., Bushula-Njah V., Leslie J.F. // Internat. J. Food Microbiol. 2019. V. 296. P. 31–36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Dong T., Qiao S., Xu J., Shi J., Qiu J., Ma G. // Toxins. 2023. V. 15. № 4. Art. 260.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Xie L., Wu Y., Wang Y., Jiang Y., Yang B., Duan X., Li T. // Environ. Poll. 2021. V. 288. Art. 117793.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Sun L., Chen X., Gao J., Zhao Y., Liu L., Hou Y., Wang L., Huang S. // Toxins. 2019. V. 11. № 6. Art. 327.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Lalak-Kańczugowska J., Witaszak N., Waśkiewicz A., Bocianowski J., Stępień Ł. // Internat. J. Mol. Sci. 2023. V. 24. № 3. Art. 3002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Fraeyman S., Croubels S., Devreese M., Antonissen G. // Toxins. 2017. V. 9. № 7. Art. 228.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu., Orina A.S., Gogina N.N. // Dokl. Biol. Sci. 2023. V. 508. № 1. P. 9–19.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
