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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27499</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Intraventricular Administration of Exosomes from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Provokes Motor Neuron Disease in Mice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интравентрикулярное введение экзосом от пациентов с боковым амиотрофическим склерозом вызывает болезнь двигательного нейрона у мышей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stavrovskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ставровская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskiy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belugin</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белугин</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of neurology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии, Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary
academician N. F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-21"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-17"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Illarioshkin S., Stavrovskaya A.V., Voronkov D.N., Pavlova A.K., Belugin B., Olshansky A., Ivanova M., Zakharova M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Иллариошкин С.Н., Ставровская А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Павлова А.К., Белугин Б., Ольшанский А., Иванова М., Захарова М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Illarioshkin S., Stavrovskaya A.V., Voronkov D.N., Pavlova A.K., Belugin B., Olshansky A., Ivanova M., Zakharova M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иллариошкин С.Н., Ставровская А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Павлова А.К., Белугин Б., Ольшанский А., Иванова М., Захарова М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27499">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27499</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by motor neuron damage leading to death from respiratory failure. The neurodegenerative process in ALS is characterized by an accumulation of aberrant proteins (TDP-43, SOD1, etc.) in CNS cells. The trans-synaptic transmission of these proteins via exosomes may be one of the mechanisms through which the pathology progresses. The aim of this work was to study the effect of an intraventricular injection of exosomes obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients on the motor activity and CNS pathomorphology of mice. The exosomes were obtained from two ALS patients and a healthy donor. Exosome suspensions at high and low concentrations were injected into the lateral brain ventricles of male BALB/c mice (<italic>n </italic>= 45). Motor activity and physiological parameters were evaluated twice a month; morphological examination of the spinal cord was performed 14 months after the start of the experiment. Nine months after administration of exosomes from the ALS patients, the animals started exhibiting a pathological motor phenotype; i.e., altered locomotion with paresis of hind limbs, coordination impairment, and increasing episodes of immobility. The motor symptoms accelerated after administration of a higher concentration of exosomes. The experimental group showed a significant decrease in motor neuron density in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, a significant increase in the number of microglial cells, and microglia activation. The TDP43 protein in the control animals was localized in the nuclei of motor neurons. TDP43 mislocation with its accumulation in the cytoplasm was observed in the experimental group. Thus, the triggering effect of the exosomal proteins derived from the CSF of ALS patients in the development of a motor neuron pathology in the experimental animals was established. This confirms the pathogenetic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative progression and makes it possible to identify a new target for ALS therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Боковой амиотрофический склероз (БАС) – тяжелое заболевание центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) с поражением мотонейронов и гибелью пациентов от дыхательных нарушений. Нейродегенеративный процесс при БАС характеризуется накоплением в клетках ЦНС аберрантных белков (TDP-43, SOD1 и др.), транссинаптическое распространение которых посредством экзосом может быть одним из механизмов прогрессирования патологии. Изучали эффект интравентрикулярного введения экзосом, полученных из цереброспинальной жидкости (ЦСЖ) больных БАС, на двигательную активность мышей и патоморфологию ЦНС. Экзосомы получали от двух пациентов с БАС и здорового донора. Суспензию экзосом в высоком и низком разведениях вводили в боковые желудочки мозга мышей-самцов линии BALB/С (<italic>n</italic> = 45); двигательную активность и физиологические показатели оценивали 2 раза в месяц, морфологическое исследование спинного мозга проводили через 14 месяцев после начала эксперимента. Через 9 месяцев после введения экзосом от пациентов с БАС у животных формировался патологический двигательный фенотип – изменение локомоции с парезом задних конечностей, нарушением координации, нарастанием эпизодов неподвижности. Двигательные симптомы развивались быстрее после введения экзосом в более высокой концентрации. Выявлено значимое снижение плотности мотонейронов в вентральных рогах спинного мозга мышей опытной группы, а также значимое увеличение числа клеток микроглии и ее активация. Белок TDP-43 у контрольных мышей локализовался в ядрах мотонейронов, тогда как в опытной группе наблюдали нарушения локализации TDP-43 и его накопление в цитоплазме. Таким образом, показан инициирующий эффект экзосомных белков, полученных из ЦСЖ от пациентов с БАС, в развитии патологии мотонейронов у экспериментальных животных, что подтверждает патогенетическую роль экзосом в распространении нейродегенеративного процесса и открывает возможность определения новых мишеней для таргетной терапии БАС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>motor neurons</kwd><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>TDP43</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боковой амиотрофический склероз</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>мотонейроны</kwd><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>TDP-43</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2024-638</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Feldman E.L., Goutman S.A., Petri S., Mazzini L., Savelieff M.G., Shaw P.J., Sobue G. // Lancet. 2022. 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