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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27393</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury: Analysis of the Development and Suppression by the TNF-α-Targeting Aptamer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Липополисахарид-индуцированное острое повреждение легких: анализ особенностей развития и возможность подавления аптамером к TNF-α</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sen’kova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенькова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernolovskaya</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноловская</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meschaninova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещанинова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bishani</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бишани</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zenkova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенкова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Sen’kova A.V., Savin I.A., Chernolovskaya E.L., Davydova A.S., Meschaninova M.I., Bishani A., Vorobyeva M.A., Zenkova M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Сенькова А.В., Савин И.А., Черноловская Е.Л., Давыдова А.С., Мещанинова М.И., Бишани А., Воробьева М.А., Зенкова М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sen’kova A.V., Savin I.A., Chernolovskaya E.L., Davydova A.S., Meschaninova M.I., Bishani A., Vorobyeva M.A., Zenkova M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сенькова А.В., Савин И.А., Черноловская Е.Л., Давыдова А.С., Мещанинова М.И., Бишани А., Воробьева М.А., Зенкова М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27393">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27393</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a specific form of lung inflammation characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, as well as a pulmonary and systemic inflammation. The pathogenesis of ALI involves a cascade inflammatory response accompanied by an increase in the local and systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The development of molecular tools targeting key components of cytokine signaling appears to be a promising approach in ALI treatment. The development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, as well as the feasibility of suppressing it by an aptamer targeting the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, was studied in a mouse model. The TNF-α level was shown to increase significantly and remain steadily high during the development of ALI. LPS-induced morphological signs of inflammation in the respiratory system become most pronounced 24 h after induction. Intranasal administration of TNF-α-targeting aptamers conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-aptTNF-α) to mice with ALI reduced the intensity of inflammatory changes in lung tissue. Assessment of the levels of potential TNF-α target genes (Usp18, Traf1, and Tnfaip3) showed that their expression levels in the lungs increase during ALI development, while declining after the application of PEG-aptTNF-α. Therefore, topical use of TNF-α-targeting aptamers may be an efficient tool for treating ALI and other inflammatory lung diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Острое повреждение легких (ОПЛ) является специфической формой воспаления, которое характеризуется диффузным повреждением альвеол, некардиогенным отеком легких, а также легочным и системным воспалением. Патогенез ОПЛ включает развитие каскадной воспалительной реакции, сопровождающейся подъемом уровней провоспалительных цитокинов и хемокинов на локальном и системном уровне. Разработка молекулярно-генетических инструментов, направленных на ключевые компоненты цитокинового сигналинга в качестве мишени, представляется перспективным подходом к терапии ОПЛ. В работе проанализированы особенности развития липополисахарид (ЛПС)-индуцированного ОПЛ у мышей, а также возможность его подавления аптамером к провоспалительному цитокину TNF-α. Показано, что уровень TNF-α резко повышается и остается стабильно высоким при развитии ОПЛ, а морфологические признаки воспаления в дыхательной системе мышей, вызванные ЛПС, наиболее выражены через 24 ч после индукции. Интраназальное введение мышам с ОПЛ аптамера к TNF-α, конъюгированного с полиэтиленгликолем 40 кДа (PEG-aptTNF-α), вызывало уменьшение интенсивности воспалительных изменений в ткани легких. Оценка уровней потенциальных генов-мишеней TNF-α (Usp18, Traf1, Tnfaip3) показала повышение их экспрессии в легких при развитии ОПЛ и снижение – при введении PEG-aptTNF-α. Таким образом, топическое использование аптамеров, направленных к TNF-α, может служить эффективным инструментом терапии ОПЛ и других воспалительных заболеваний легких.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lung injury</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>aptamers</kwd><kwd>target genes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое повреждение легких</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>аптамерные конструкции</kwd><kwd>гены-мишени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-74-30011</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>121031300042-1</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mowery N.T., Terzian W.T.H., Nelson A.C. // Curr. 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