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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.27337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Post-transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression via Unproductive Splicing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Посттранскрипционная регуляция экспрессии генов через непродуктивный сплайсинг</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavileyskiy</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завилейский</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervouchine</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушин</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Zavileyskiy L.G., Pervouchine D.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Завилейский Л.Г., Первушин Д.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zavileyskiy L.G., Pervouchine D.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Завилейский Л.Г., Первушин Д.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27337">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/27337</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Unproductive splicing is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene expression control in which premature stop codons are inserted into protein-coding transcripts as a result of regulated alternative splicing, leading to their degradation via the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. This mechanism is especially characteristic of RNA-binding proteins, which regulate each other’s expression levels and those of other genes in multiple auto- and cross-regulatory loops. Deregulation of unproductive splicing is a cause of serious human diseases, including cancers, and is increasingly being considered as a prominent therapeutic target. This review discusses the types of unproductive splicing events, the mechanisms of auto- and cross-regulation, nonsense-mediated decay escape, and problems in identifying unproductive splice isoforms. It also provides examples of deregulation of unproductive splicing in human diseases and discusses therapeutic strategies for its correction using antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Непродуктивный сплайсинг – это посттранскрипционный механизм контроля экспрессии генов эукариот, при котором в результате регулируемого альтернативного сплайсинга в белоккодирующих транскриптах возникают преждевременные стоп-кодоны, что приводит к их деградации по пути нонсенс-опосредованного распада. Этот механизм особенно характерен для генов РНК-связывающих белков, которые контролируют уровни экспрессии друг друга и других генов с помощью множественных авто- и кросс-регуляторных каскадов. Нарушения непродуктивного сплайсинга приводят к развитию различных заболеваний, в том числе опухолей, и потенциально могут служить терапевтическими мишенями. В данном обзоре обсуждаются типы событий непродуктивного сплайсинга, механизмы авто- и кросс-регуляции, избегание нонсенс-опосредованного распада и проблемы идентификации непродуктивных изоформ. Приведены примеры нарушений непродуктивного сплайсинга при заболеваниях и терапевтические стратегии для их коррекции с помощью антисмысловых олигонуклеотидов и малых молекул.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unproductive splicing</kwd><kwd>nonsense-mediated decay</kwd><kwd>splicing</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>antisense oligonucleotides</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>непродуктивный сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>нонсенс-опосредованный распад</kwd><kwd>сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>регуляция</kwd><kwd>антисмысловые олигонуклеотиды</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-14-00330</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Borbolis F., Syntichaki P. // Mech. 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