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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23838</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.23838</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Autophagy in the Development of Pathological Conditions of the Body</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль аутофагии в развитии патологических состояний организма</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kench</surname><given-names>Ulash S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кенч</surname><given-names>Улаш Салимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kenculas1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sologova</surname><given-names>Susanna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сологова</surname><given-names>Сусанна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>susanna.sologova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prasolov</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прасолов</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prassolov45@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirin</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирин</surname><given-names>Павел Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>spirin.pvl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт фармации им А.П. Нелюбина, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kench U.S., Sologova S.S., Prasolov V.S., Spirin P.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Кенч У.С., Сологова С.С., Прасолов В.С., Спирин П.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kench U.S., Sologova S.S., Prasolov V.S., Spirin P.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кенч У.С., Сологова С.С., Прасолов В.С., Спирин П.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/23838">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/23838</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autophagy is the process of lysosomal elimination of the cell organelles, cytoplasmic sites, and pathogenic microorganisms that enter the cell. This process is associated with both cell death regulation and an increase in cell survival chances. Autophagy is involved in the development of various diseases (Crohn disease, cancer, atherosclerosis, etc.). For these reasons, it is of significant interest to establish the molecular targets involved in autophagy regulation and the factors that mediate its participation in pathogenesis. The review describes the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of autophagy, its contribution to the vital cell activity in a healthy organism, and pathologies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аутофагия – это процесс утилизации клеточных органелл, участков цитоплазмы, а также разрушения микроорганизмов, проникающих в клетку, в лизосомах. Аутофагия сопряжена как с гибелью, так и с увеличением выживаемости клеток, а также вовлечена в развитие различных заболеваний, в том числе нейродегенеративных и онкологических, атеросклероза. Все это делает крайне важным поиск молекулярных мишеней, которые могут участвовать в регуляции аутофагии, и факторов, способных влиять на ее связь с патогенезом различных заболеваний. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены потенциальные молекулярные механизмы, участвующие в регуляции аутофагии, и ее вклад в гомеостаз клеток в здоровом организме и при патологиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>cell death</kwd><kwd>lysosomes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>клеточная гибель</kwd><kwd>лизосомы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21-14-00355</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-54-76005</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao W., Li J., Yang K., Cao D. // Bull. 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