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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23426</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.23426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern Approaches to the Genome Editing of Antibiotic Biosynthetic Clusters in Actinomycetes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к геномному редактированию биосинтетических кластеров антибиотиков в актиномицетах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1850-7025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buyuklyan</surname><given-names>Yuliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буюклян</surname><given-names>Юлия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>buyuklyan20@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-5761</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6505955806</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAT-5073-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6981-8274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakalyukina</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закалюкина</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>juline@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-980X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5516-5371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osterman</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остерман</surname><given-names>Илья Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.osterman@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-1221</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">24334014200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-5807-2012</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5433-0881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюков</surname><given-names>Михаил Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>metrim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет «Сириус», Научный центр трансляционной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-18"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Buyuklyan Y.A., Zakalyukina Y.V., Osterman I.A., Biryukov M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Буюклян Ю.А., Закалюкина Ю.В., Остерман И.А., Бирюков М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Buyuklyan Y.A., Zakalyukina Y.V., Osterman I.A., Biryukov M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буюклян Ю.А., Закалюкина Ю.В., Остерман И.А., Бирюков М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/23426">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/23426</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Representatives of the phylum <italic>Actinomycetota</italic> are one of the main sources of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics of various classes. Modern studies using high-throughput sequencing techniques enable the detection of dozens of potential antibiotic biosynthetic genome clusters in many actinomycetes; however, under laboratory conditions, production of secondary metabolites amounts to less than 5% of the total coding potential of producer strains. However, many of these antibiotics have already been described. There is a continuous “rediscovery” of known antibiotics, and new molecules become almost invisible against the general background. The established approaches aimed at increasing the production of novel antibiotics include: selection of optimal cultivation conditions by modifying the composition of nutrient media; co-cultivation methods; microfluidics, and the use of various transcription factors to activate silent genes. Unfortunately, these tools are non-universal for various actinomycete strains, stochastic in nature, and therefore do not always lead to success. The use of genetic engineering technologies is much more efficient, because they allow for a directed and controlled change in the production of target metabolites. One example of such technologies is mutagenesis-based genome editing of antibiotic biosynthetic clusters. This targeted approach allows one to alter gene expression, suppressing the production of previously characterized molecules, and thereby promoting the synthesis of other unknown antibiotic variants. In addition, mutagenesis techniques can be successfully applied both to new producer strains and to the genes of known isolates to identify new compounds.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рост числа случаев инфицирования людей и животных патогенами, устойчивыми к наиболее распространенным в терапевтической практике антибиотикам, бросает вызов современным технологиям поиска новых лекарственных средств. Представители филума Actinomycetota являются одним из основных источников вторичных метаболитов, в том числе антибиотиков различных классов, однако, несмотря на весь богатый биосинтетический потенциал штаммов актиномицетов, удается получить лишь небольшую долю вторичных метаболитов. Оставшееся разнообразие молекул с антибактериальной активностью, закодированных в геноме, находится в «молчащем», репрессированном состоянии. В связи с этим возникает необходимость применения методов геномного редактирования и метагеномного анализа для идентификации новых биосинтетических кластеров антибиотиков и изменения экспрессии соответствующих генов, приводящих к синтезу потенциально новых молекул с антибактериальной активностью.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic biosynthetic clusters</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd><kwd>site-directed mutagenesis</kwd><kwd>actinomycetes</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биосинтетические кластеры антибиотиков</kwd><kwd>редактирование генома</kwd><kwd>сайт-направленный мутагенез</kwd><kwd>актиномицеты</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-10-2021-093</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aminov R. // Bioc. 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