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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19425</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.19425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Association between the <italic>Tgfb1</italic> Gene Haplotype and Liver Diseases in Children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ ассоциаций гаплотипов гена <italic>Tgfb1</italic> с болезнями печени у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurabekova</surname><given-names>Rivada M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курабекова</surname><given-names>Ривада Мусабековна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kourabr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gichkun</surname><given-names>Olga E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гичкун</surname><given-names>Ольга Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gichkunoe@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsirulnikova</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цирульникова</surname><given-names>Ольга Мартеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tsiroulnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkova</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашкова</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irish7@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>Valeria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Валерия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kourabr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Ольга Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>transplant2009@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gautier</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готье</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gautier@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. акад. В.И. Шумакова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-19"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kurabekova R.M., Gichkun O.E., Tsirulnikova O.M., Pashkova I.E., Fomina V.A., Shevchenko O.P., Gautier S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Курабекова Р.М., Гичкун О.Е., Цирульникова О.М., Пашкова И.Е., Фомина В.А., Шевченко О.П., Готье С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurabekova R.M., Gichkun O.E., Tsirulnikova O.M., Pashkova I.E., Fomina V.A., Shevchenko O.P., Gautier S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курабекова Р.М., Гичкун О.Е., Цирульникова О.М., Пашкова И.Е., Фомина В.А., Шевченко О.П., Готье С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/19425">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/19425</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine with immunosuppressive and pro-fibrogenic activity, is a potential marker of infection, liver transplant rejection, and fibrosis. Its levels in the blood and tissues depend on many factors; however, the role of gene polymorphism is still unclear. In this work, the distribution frequency of three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of the <italic>Tgfb1</italic> gene, namely rs1800469, rs1800470, and rs1800471, was studied in children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The study included 225 pediatric liver recipients aged 1 month to 16 years (median, 8 months), including 100 boys and 125 girls, and 198 healthy individuals aged 32.7 ± 9.6 years, including 78 men and 120 women. The indication for liver transplantation in children was ESLD, which was mostly caused by congenital and inherited liver diseases. SNPs were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes and DNA isolated from peripheral blood. SNP frequency distribution was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and did not differ between children with liver diseases and the healthy ones. Analysis of the SNPs frequency based on allelic interaction models did not reveal any differences between patients and the healthy individuals. Evaluation of linkage disequilibrium for <italic>Tgfb1</italic> polymorphic variant pairs revealed a statistically significant linkage between all studied variants. Seven haplotypes, which are variants of SNP combinations, were observed in the studied groups of patients and healthy individuals. A total of 80% of the group had three haplotypes, whose frequencies did not differ between patients and the healthy individuals. Significant differences were found in the frequency of the haplotypes A-A-C, G-G-C, and G-A-G (at rs1800469, rs1800470, and rs1800471, respectively), which were observed up to 11 times more often in recipients compared to the healthy individuals. It is possible that these haplotypes are ESLD-predisposing variants, which may also contribute to the development of complications after liver transplantation in children.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Трансформирующий фактор роста β1 (TGF-β1) – цитокин с иммуносупрессивным и профиброгенным действием, является потенциальным маркером инфекционных заболеваний, отторжения и фиброза трансплантата печени. Уровень TGF-β1 в крови и тканях зависит от многих факторов, однако не до конца ясно, насколько важен полиморфизм нуклеотидной последовательности самого гена. В работе определена частота распределения трех однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП) гена <italic>Tgfb1</italic> – rs1800469, rs1800470, rs1800471 – у детей с терминальной стадией болезней печени. В исследование включено 225 детей-реципиентов печени в возрасте от 1 до 192 (медиана – 8) месяцев, из них 100 мальчиков и 125 девочек, а также 198 здоровых лиц в возрасте 32.7 ± 9.6 лет (78 мужчин и 120 женщин). Показанием к трансплантации печени детям была терминальная стадия болезней печени, в основном врожденных или наследственных. ОНП определяли в ДНК, выделенной из периферической крови, методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с помощью зондов TaqMan. Распределение частот изученных ОНП гена <italic>Tgfb1</italic> соответствовало закону Харди–Вайнберга и не различалось у детей с болезнями печени и у здоровых лиц. Анализ распределения частот ОНП в соответствии с моделями взаимодействия аллельных генов не выявил различий у пациентов и здоровых лиц. Оценка неравновесия по сцеплению показала значимое сцепление между изученными ОНП. В обследованной группе найдены семь гаплотипов – вариантов сочетаний изученных полиморфизмов, три из которых представлены примерно у 80% обследованных, и их частоты не различались у пациентов и здоровых лиц. Выявлены статистически значимые различия в частотах более редких гаплотипов – A-A-C, G-G-C и G-A-G (в положении rs1800469, rs1800470, rs1800471 соответственно). Эти гаплотипы у пациентов встречались до 11 раз чаще, чем у здоровых лиц. Возможно, что наличие таких гаплотипов предрасполагает к развитию терминальной стадии болезней печени, что может влиять также на развитие осложнений после трансплантации печени детям.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital and inherited liver diseases</kwd><kwd>biliary atresia and hypoplasia</kwd><kwd>pediatric liver recipients</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные и наследственные болезни печени</kwd><kwd>атрезия и гипоплазия желчевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>дети-реципиенты печени</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. ак. В.И. Шумакова»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">V.I. 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