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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15681</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.15681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Biomedical Nanosystems for <italic>in vivo</italic> Detoxification: From Passive Delivery Systems to Functional Nanodevices and Nanorobots</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биомедицинские наносистемы для <italic>in vivo</italic> детоксикации: от пассивных систем доставки к функциональным наноустройствам и нанороботам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashirova</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паширова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Никандровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaihutdinova</surname><given-names>Zukhra M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайхутдинова</surname><given-names>Зухра М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Vladimir F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Владимир Федорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masson</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Массон</surname><given-names>Патрик</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tatyana_pashirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт органической и физической химии им. А.Е. Арбузова, ФИЦ Казанский научный центр РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pashirova T.N., Shaihutdinova Z.M., Mironov V.F., Masson P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Паширова Т.Н., Шайхутдинова З.М., Миронов В.Ф., Массон П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pashirova T.N., Shaihutdinova Z.M., Mironov V.F., Masson P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Паширова Т.Н., Шайхутдинова З.М., Миронов В.Ф., Массон П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/15681">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/15681</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of low efficiency of nanotherapeutic drugs challenges the creation of new alternative biomedical nanosystems known as robotic nanodevices. In addition to encapsulating properties, nanodevices can perform different biomedical functions, such as precision surgery, <italic>in vivo </italic>detection and imaging, biosensing, targeted delivery, and, more recently, detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Nanodevices for detoxification are aimed at removing toxic molecules from biological tissues, using a chemical- and/or enzyme-containing nanocarrier for the toxicant to diffuse inside the nanobody. This strategy is opposite to drug delivery systems that focus on encapsulating drugs and releasing them under the influence of external factors. The review describes various kinds of nanodevices intended for detoxification that differ by the type of poisoning treatment they provide, as well as the type of materials and toxicants. The final part of the review is devoted to enzyme nanosystems, an emerging area of research that provides fast and effective neutralization of toxins <italic>in vivo</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассматривается решение проблемы низкой эффективности нанотерапевтических препаратов путем создания альтернативных биомедицинских наносистем – роботизированных наноустройств, обладающих не только инкапсулирующими свойствами, но и способных выполнять различные биомедицинские функции, такие, как прецизионная хирургия, детектирование, визуализация и биозондирование, адресная доставка, а также нейтрализация эндогенных токсинов и ксенобиотиков. Наноустройства обеспечивают удаление токсикантов из биологических тканей с помощью как пустых, так и загруженных химическими веществами и/или ферментами наноносителей. Этот подход противоположен стратегии создания систем доставки, сосредоточенной на инкапсулировании лекарств и их обязательному высвобождению под действием внешних факторов. В обзоре представлен широкий спектр наноустройств, предназначенных для детоксикации, а именно, по виду отравлений и методам их лечения (неспецифические антидоты, нанодиализные системы), типу материала и токсикантов. Заключительная часть обзора посвящена зарождающейся области исследований – ферментным наносистемам, обеспечивающим быструю и эффективную нейтрализацию токсинов <italic>in</italic> <italic>vivo</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>detoxification</kwd><kwd>nanodevices</kwd><kwd>delivery systems</kwd><kwd>enzyme</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детоксикация</kwd><kwd>наноустройства</kwd><kwd>системы доставки</kwd><kwd>ферменты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang C., Yan L., Wang X., Zhu S., Chen C., Gu Z., Zhao Y. // Nano Today. 2020. V. 35. 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