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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11898</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11898</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Distortion of Population Statistics due to the Use of Different Methodological Approaches to the Construction of Genomic DNA Libraries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Искажение популяционной статистики как результат различных методических подходов к приготовлению геномных библиотек древней ДНК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharko</surname><given-names>Fedor S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарко</surname><given-names>Федор Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fedosic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhur</surname><given-names>Kristina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жур</surname><given-names>Кристина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fedosic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fedosic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhortchouk</surname><given-names>Egor B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорчук</surname><given-names>Егор Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fedosic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Laboratory of vertebrate genomics and epigenomics, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт истории материальной культуры РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Sharko F.S., Zhur K.V., Trifonov V.A., Prokhortchouk E.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Шарко Ф.С., Жур К.В., Трифонов В.А., Прохорчук Е.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharko F.S., Zhur K.V., Trifonov V.A., Prokhortchouk E.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарко Ф.С., Жур К.В., Трифонов В.А., Прохорчук Е.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11898">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11898</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Several different methods of DNA library preparation for paleogenetic studies are now available. However, the chemical reactions underlying each of them can affect the primary sequence of ancient DNA (aDNA) in the libraries and taint the results of a statistical analysis. In this paper, we compare the results of a sequencing of the aDNA libraries of a Bronze Age sample from burials of the Caucasian burial ground Klady, prepared using three different approaches: (1) shotgun sequencing, (2) strategies for selecting target genomic regions, and (3) strategies for selecting target genomic regions, including DNA pre-treatment with a mixture of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) and endonuclease VIII. The impact of the studied approaches to genomic library preparation on the results of a secondary analysis of the statistical data, namely F4 statistics, ADMIXTURE, and principal component analysis (PCA), was analyzed. It was shown that preparation of genomic libraries without the use of UDG can result in distorted statistical data due to postmortem chemical modifications of the aDNA. This distortion can be alleviated by analyzing only the single nucleotide polymorphisms caused by transversions in the genome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На сегодняшний день существует несколько различных методов подготовки ДНК-библиотек для палеогенетических исследований. Однако химические реакции, лежащие в основе каждого из них, способны повлиять на нуклеотидную последовательность библиотек древней ДНК (дДНК) и внести изменения в результаты статистического анализа. Нами проведено сравнение результатов секвенирования библиотек дДНК образца эпохи бронзы из погребений кавказского могильника Клады. Библиотеки были приготовлены с применением трех различных подходов: метода дробовика (shotgun sequencing), отбора целевых районов генома и отбора целевых районов генома с предварительной обработкой ДНК смесью урацил-ДНК-гликозилазы (UDG) и эндонуклеазы VIII. Проанализировано влияние этих подходов на результаты вторичного статистического анализа данных, а именно F4-статистики, ADMIXTURE и метода главных компонент (PCA). Показано, что при приготовлении геномных библиотек без использования урацил-ДНК-гликозилазы возможно искажение результатов статистической обработки, связанное с посмертными химическими модификациями дДНК. Эти искажения можно нивелировать путем анализа только однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов генома, вызванных трансверсиями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ancient DNA</kwd><kwd>ADMIXTURE</kwd><kwd>UDG</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>древняя ДНК</kwd><kwd>ADMIXTURE</kwd><kwd>урацил-ДНК-гликозилаза</kwd><kwd>UDG</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Минобрнауки России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>13.1902.21.0023</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krause J., Fu Q., Good J.M., Viola B., Shunkov M.V., Derevianko A.P., Pääbo S. // Nature. 2010. V. 464. № 7290. 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