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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11895</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11895</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Connectivity of the Brain in the Light of Chemogenetic Modulation of Neuronal Activity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Коннективность головного мозга в свете хемогенетического управления активностью нейронов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dygalo</surname><given-names>Nikolai N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыгало</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>corresponding member RAS, Professor, Doctor of Biology, Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Department of Physiology, Novosibirsk State University university</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. РАН, профессор, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией функциональной нейрогеномики ИЦиГ СО РАН, заведующий кафедрой физиологии, Новосибирский государственный университет</p></bio><email>dygalo@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-24"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-10"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Dygalo N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Дыгало Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dygalo N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дыгало Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11895">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11895</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Connectivity is the coordinated activity of the neuronal networks responsible for brain functions; it is detected based on functional magnetic resonance imaging signals that depend on the oxygen level in the blood (blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals) supplying the brain. The BOLD signal is only indirectly related to the underlying neuronal activity; therefore, it remains an open question whether connectivity and changes in it are only manifestations of normal and pathological states of the brain or they are, to some extent, the causes of these states. The creation of chemogenetic receptors activated by synthetic drugs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs, DREADDs), which, depending on the receptor type, either facilitate or, on the contrary, inhibit the neuronal response to received physiological stimuli, makes it possible to assess brain connectivity in the light of controlled neuronal activity. Evidence suggests that connectivity is based on neuronal activity and is a manifestation of connections between brain regions that integrate sensory, cognitive, and motor functions. Chemogenetic modulation of the activity of various groups and types of neurons changes the connectivity of the brain and its complex functions. Chemogenetics can be useful in reconfiguring the pathological mechanisms of nervous and mental diseases. The initiated integration, based on the whole-brain connectome from molecular-cellular, neuronal, and synaptic processes to higher nervous activity and behavior, has the potential to significantly increase the fundamental and applied value of this branch of neuroscience.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Коннективность – согласованная активность нейронных сетей, осуществляющая функции мозга, выявляется сигналами функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии, зависящими от содержания кислорода в крови (blood oxygen level-dependent – BOLD), снабжающей мозг. Сигнал BOLD лишь косвенно связан с лежащей в его основе активностью нейронов, поэтому открытым остается вопрос, являются ли коннективность и ее изменения только проявлениями нормальных или патологических состояний мозга, или же в какой-то мере их причинами. Создание хемогенетических рецепторов, активируемых синтетическими препаратами (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs – DREADD), которые в зависимости от типа рецептора облегчают или, наоборот, тормозят ответ нейрона на поступающие к нему физиологические стимулы, позволяет оценить коннективность мозга в свете управляемой активности нейронов. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют, что коннективность базируется на активности нейронов и представляет собой проявление связей областей мозга, интегрирующих сенсорные, когнитивные и моторные функции. Хемогенетическая модуляция активности разнообразных групп и типов нейронов изменяет коннективность мозга и его сложноорганизованные функции. Хемогенетика может оказаться полезной для перестройки патологических механизмов нервных и психических заболеваний. Начинающаяся интеграция на основе коннектома всего пути от молекулярно-клеточных, нейрональных и синаптических процессов до высшей нервной деятельности и поведения существенно повысит фундаментальную и прикладную ценность сведений этого раздела нейронаук.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain connectivity</kwd><kwd>functional magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>chemogenetics</kwd><kwd>neuronal activity</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коннективность мозга</kwd><kwd>функциональная магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>хемогенетика</kwd><kwd>активность нейронов</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>проект № 20-015-00129</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>McEwen B.S. // Physiol. 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