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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11893</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11893</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">RNAcontacts: A Pipeline for Predicting Contacts from RNA Proximity Ligation Assays</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>RNAcontacts, вычислительный конвейер для предсказания РНК-РНК-контактов по данным конформационного секвенирования РНК <italic>in situ</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Margasyuk</surname><given-names>Sergei D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргасюк</surname><given-names>Сергей Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasenok</surname><given-names>Mariia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власенок</surname><given-names>Мария А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Guo</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Гуо</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TW">Taiwan, Province of China</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Changchang</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Као</surname><given-names>Чанчан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TW">Taiwan, Province of China</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervouchine</surname><given-names>Dmitri D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Колледж наук о жизни, Чжэцзянский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ключевая лаборатория биологии РНК, Институт биофизики Китайской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Margasyuk S.D., Vlasenok M.A., Li G., Cao C., Pervouchine D.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Маргасюк С.Д., Власенок М.А., Ли Г., Као Ч., Первушин Д.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Margasyuk S.D., Vlasenok M.A., Li G., Cao C., Pervouchine D.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маргасюк С.Д., Власенок М.А., Ли Г., Као Ч., Первушин Д.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11893">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11893</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High-throughput RNA proximity ligation assays are molecular methods that are used to simultaneously analyze the spatial proximity of many RNAs in living cells. Their principle is based on cross-linking, fragmentation, and subsequent religation of RNAs, followed by high-throughput sequencing. The generated fragments have two different types of splits, one resulting from pre-mRNA splicing and the other formed by the ligation of spatially close RNA strands. Here, we present RNAcontacts, a universal pipeline for detecting RNA–RNA contacts in high-throughput RNA proximity ligation assays. RNAcontacts circumvents the inherent problem of mapping sequences with two distinct types of splits using a two-pass alignment, in which splice junctions are inferred from a control RNA-seq experiment on the first pass and then provided to the aligner as <italic>bona fide</italic> introns on the second pass. Compared to previously developed methods, our approach allows for a more sensitive detection of RNA contacts and has a higher specificity with respect to splice junctions that are present in the biological sample. RNAcontacts automatically extracts contacts, clusters their ligation points, computes the read support, and generates tracks for visualizing through the UCSC Genome Browser. The pipeline is implemented in Snakemake, a reproducible and scalable workflow management system for rapid and uniform processing of multiple datasets. RNAcontacts is a generic pipeline for the detection of RNA contacts that can be used with any proximity ligation method as long as one of the interacting partners is RNA. RNAcontacts is available via the GitHub repository https://github.com/smargasyuk/RNAcontacts/</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Конформационное секвенирование (КС) РНК – группа молекулярных методов высокопроизводительного анализа пространственной сближенности РНК в живых клетках. Эти методы основаны на сшивке, фрагментации и последующем лигировании пространственно сближенных молекул. Чтения, получаемые в результате высокопроизводительного секвенирования, содержат два разных типа разрывов, один из которых образуется в результате сплайсинга, а второй – в результате лигирования. Нами разработан RNAcontacts – универсальный вычислительный конвейер для обнаружения контактов РНК–РНК в данных КС РНК. RNAcontacts решает задачу картирования последовательностей с двумя различными типами разрывов с помощью двухпроходного выравнивания. На первом проходе из контрольного эксперимента секвенирования РНК определяют экзон-экзонные соединения, которые затем передают картировщику на втором проходе как уже известные интроны. Этот подход позволяет с большей чувствительностью обнаруживать контакты РНК и обладает более высокой специфичностью в отношении интронов, присутствующих в биологическом образце, по сравнению с уже существующими методами. RNAcontacts в автоматическом режиме извлекает контакты, кластеризует точки лигирования, вычисляет поддержку чтениями и визуализирует результаты. Он реализован в воспроизводимой и масштабируемой системе управления рабочими процессами Snakemake, которая позволяет быстро и единообразно обрабатывать сразу несколько наборов данных. Разработанный вычислительный конвейер применим к любым данным КС, если одним из взаимодействующих партнеров является РНК. RNAcontacts доступен через репозиторий github по адресу https://github.com/smargasyuk/RNAcontacts/</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>RNA</kwd><kwd>proximity ligation</kwd><kwd>RNA contacts</kwd><kwd>splicing</kwd><kwd>RNA structure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>РНК</kwd><kwd>лигирование</kwd><kwd>сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>конформационное секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Education</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-10-2021-116</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальная ключевая программа исследований и разработок Китая</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">National Key Research and Development Program of China</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>2021YFE0114900</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jerkovic I., Cavalli G. // Nat. 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