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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11794</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11794</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated with Immunoglobulin Germline Gene Variation of Transitional B Cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Смещение репертуара генов зародышевой линии В-клеточных рецепторов при рассеянном склерозе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomakin</surname><given-names>Yakov A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломакин</surname><given-names>Яков А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikova</surname><given-names>Leyla A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинникова</surname><given-names>Лейла Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>leyla_ovchinnikova@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>6 неврологическое отделение</p></bio><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>6 неврологическое отделение</p></bio><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simaniv</surname><given-names>T. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симанив</surname><given-names>Т. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>6 неврологическое отделение</p></bio><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabilov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабилов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaminskaya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каминская</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tupikin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тупикин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Favorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаворов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>6 неврологическое отделение</p></bio><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогуров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabibov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габибов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lomakin@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for information transmission problems RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем передачи информации им. А.А. Харкевича РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-02"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Lomakin I.A., Ovchinnikova L., Zakharova M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ломакин Я.A., Овчинникова Л.А., Захарова М.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lomakin I.A., Ovchinnikova L., Zakharova M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ломакин Я.A., Овчинникова Л.А., Захарова М.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11794">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11794</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The regulatory functions of the B-cell compartment play an important role in the development and suppression of the immune response. Disruption of their anti-inflammatory functions may lead to the acceleration of immunopathological processes, and to autoimmune diseases, in particular. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism underlying the functioning and development of regulatory B cells (Breg) has not yet been fully elucidated. Almost nothing is known about their specificity and the structure of their B-cell receptors (BCRs). In this research, we analyzed the BCR repertoire of the transitional Breg (tBreg) subpopulation with the CD19<sup>+</sup>CD24<sup>high</sup>CD38<sup>high</sup> phenotype in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We show, for the first time, that the immunoglobulin germline distribution in the tBreg subpopulation is different between MS patients and healthy donors. The registered variation was more significant in patients with a more severe form of the disease, highly active MS (HAMS), compared to those with benign MS (BMS). Our data suggest that during MS development, deviations in the immunoglobulin Breg repertoire occur already at the early stage of B-cell maturation, namely at the stage of tBregs: between immature B cells in the bone marrow and mature peripheral B cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Регуляторные функции B-лимфоцитов играют важную роль в развитии и подавлении иммунного ответа. Нарушение противовоспалительной функции В-клеток (Breg) может привести к развитию иммунопатологических процессов, в частности, аутоиммунных заболеваний. К сожалению, точный механизм функционирования и развития регуляторных В-клеток пока не известен, почти ничего не известно об их специфичности и структуре В-клеточного рецептора. С использованием широкомасштабного секвенирования мы проанализировали репертуар B-клеточных рецепторов субпопуляции транзиторных Breg CD19<sup>+</sup>CD24<sup>h</sup><sup>igh</sup>CD38<sup>high</sup> у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом (РС). Впервые показано, что частота встречаемости ряда генов зародышевой линии транзиторных Breg при развитии РС отличается от распределения генов иммуноглобулинов у условно здоровых доноров. Зарегистрированный сдвиг более выражен у пациентов с высокоактивным РС, чем у пациентов с доброкачественным течением РС. Полученные нами данные позволяют предположить, что изменение репертуара Breg при развитии РС происходит уже на раннем этапе созревания В-клеток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin</kwd><kwd>transitional B cells</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd><kwd>regulatory B cells</kwd><kwd>BCR-Seq</kwd><kwd>germline</kwd><kwd>TrB</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины</kwd><kwd>транзиторные В-клетки</kwd><kwd>широкомасштабное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>регуляторные В-клетки</kwd><kwd>BCR-Seq</kwd><kwd>зародышевая линия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>18-74-10079</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>17-00-00229</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2021-1033</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2020-807</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Thompson A.J., Baranzini S.E., Geurts J., Hemmer B., Ciccarelli O. // Lancet. 2018. 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