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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11776</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11776</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">An ELISA Platform for the Quantitative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-neutralizing Antibodies As an Alternative to Monitoring of the Virus-Neutralizing Activity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИФА-платформа для количественного анализа RBD-нейтрализующих антител к SARS-CoV-2 как альтернатива мониторингу вируснейтрализующей активности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-9961</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57201266735</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-6532-2012</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5840-5090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostin</surname><given-names>Nikita N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костин</surname><given-names>Никита Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, лаборатория Биокатализа</p></bio><email>nkostin1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobik</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобик</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bobik_tanya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>George A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Георгий Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>skryabin.george@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>Mariya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marisimonova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knorre</surname><given-names>Vera D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнорре</surname><given-names>Вера Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vera.knorre@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abrikosova</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрикосова</surname><given-names>Виктория Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abrikosova_victoria@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrushina</surname><given-names>Yuliana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокрушина</surname><given-names>Юлиана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yuliana256@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Иван Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivansmr@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshenko</surname><given-names>Natalia L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешенко</surname><given-names>Наталья Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nl.aleshenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглова</surname><given-names>Наталья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>natalya.a.kruglova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dvmazurov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>Alexey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Алексей Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Nikitinmd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabibov</surname><given-names>Alexander G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габибов</surname><given-names>Александр Габибович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gabibov@mx.ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная клиническая больница РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии гена РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-25"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kostin N.N., Bobik T.V., Skryabin G.A., Simonova M.A., Knorre V.D., Abrikosova V.A., Mokrushina Y.A., Smirnov I.V., Aleshenko N.L., Kruglova N.A., Mazurov D.V., Nikitin A.E., Gabibov A.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Костин Н.Н., Бобик Т.В., Скрябин Г.А., Симонова М.А., Кнорре В.Д., Абрикосова В.А., Мокрушина Ю.А., Смирнов И.В., Алешенко Н.Л., Круглова Н.А., Мазуров Д.В., Никитин А.Э., Габибов А.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostin N.N., Bobik T.V., Skryabin G.A., Simonova M.A., Knorre V.D., Abrikosova V.A., Mokrushina Y.A., Smirnov I.V., Aleshenko N.L., Kruglova N.A., Mazurov D.V., Nikitin A.E., Gabibov A.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костин Н.Н., Бобик Т.В., Скрябин Г.А., Симонова М.А., Кнорре В.Д., Абрикосова В.А., Мокрушина Ю.А., Смирнов И.В., Алешенко Н.Л., Круглова Н.А., Мазуров Д.В., Никитин А.Э., Габибов А.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11776">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11776</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Monitoring of the level of the virus-neutralizing activity of serum immunoglobulins ensures that one can reliably assess the effectiveness of any protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. For SARS-CoV-2, the RBD-ACE2 neutralizing activity of sera is almost equivalent to the virus-neutralizing activity of their antibodies and can be used to assess the level of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. We are proposing an ELISA platform for performing a quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-neutralizing antibodies, as an alternative to the monitoring of the virus-neutralizing activity using pseudovirus or “live” virus assays. The advantage of the developed platform is that it can be adapted to newly emerging virus variants in a very short time (1–2 weeks) and, thereby, provide quantitative data on the activity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-neutralizing antibodies. The developed platform can be used to (1) study herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2, (2) monitor the effectiveness of the vaccination drive (revaccination) in a population, and (3) select potential donors of immune plasma. The protective properties of the humoral immune response in hospitalized patients and outpatients, as well as after prophylaxis with the two most popular SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Russia, were studied in detail using this platform. The highest RBD-neutralizing activity was observed in the group of hospitalized patients. The protective effect in the group of individuals vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine was 25% higher than that in outpatients and almost four times higher than that in individuals vaccinated with the CoviVac vaccine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Определение уровня вируснейтрализующей активности сывороточных иммуноглобулинов позволяет надежно оценивать защищенность человека от заражения SARS-CoV-2. В случае инфекции SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2-нейтрализующая активность сывороток практически эквивалентна вируснейтрализующей активности их антител и может использоваться для оценки уровня нейтрализующих антител к SARS-CoV-2. Нами предложена ИФА-платформа для количественного анализа уровня RBD-нейтрализующих антител к SARS-CoV-2 как альтернатива мониторингу вируснейтрализующей активности псевдовирусами или «живыми» вирусами. Преимуществом разработанной платформы является возможность в кратчайшие сроки (1–2 недели) адаптировать методику к вновь появляющимся вариантам вируса и тем самым получать количественные данные по активности RBD-нейтрализующих антител к SARS-CoV-2. Разработанная платформа может быть использована для исследования популяционного иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2, мониторинга эффективности вакцинации (ревакцинации) населения и отбора потенциальных доноров иммунной плазмы. С использованием этой платформы детально изучены защитные свойства гуморального иммунного ответа у госпитализированных и амбулаторных пациентов, а также после профилактики двумя самыми популярными в РФ вакцинами против SARS-CoV-2. Наибольшая RBD-нейтрализующая активность наблюдалась в группе госпитализированных пациентов. Защитный эффект в группе вакцинированных Гам-КОВИД-Вак на 25% превышал эффект в группе амбулаторных пациентов и был почти в 4 раза выше, чем у вакцинированных КовиВак.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gam-COVID-Vac</kwd><kwd>Sputnik V</kwd><kwd>CoviVac</kwd><kwd>virus-neutralizing activity</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гам-КОВИД-Вак</kwd><kwd>Спутник V</kwd><kwd>КовиВак</kwd><kwd>вируснейтрализующая активность</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерствао науки и высшего образования</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2021-1049</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard https://covid19.who.int</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Calina D., Docea A.O., Petrakis D., Egorov A.M., Ishmukhametov A.A., Gabibov A.G., Shtilman M.I., Kostoff R., Carvalho F., Vinceti M., et al. // Int. 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