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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11751</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11751</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenic Features and Experimental Models in Rodents</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сахарный диабет 2 типа: особенности патогенеза и экспериментальные модели на грызунах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-9998</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603033470</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-2464-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6559-8740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvazava</surname><given-names>Inessa G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвазава</surname><given-names>Инесса Гивиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gvazava.inessa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gvazava.inessa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биологический факультет</p></bio><email>gvazava.inessa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorotelyak</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воротеляк</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gvazava.inessa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Gvazava I.G., Karimova M.V., Vasiliev A.V., Vorotelyak E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Гвазава И.Г., Каримова М.В., Васильев А.В., Воротеляк Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gvazava I.G., Karimova M.V., Vasiliev A.V., Vorotelyak E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гвазава И.Г., Каримова М.В., Васильев А.В., Воротеляк Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11751">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11751</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common endocrine disorder (90%) in the world; it has numerous clinical, immunological, and genetic differences from type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of T2DM is complex and not fully clear. To date, animal models remain the main tool by which to study the pathophysiology and therapy of T2DM. Rodents are considered the best choice among animal models, because they are characterized by a small size, short induction period, easy diabetes induction, and economic efficiency. This review summarizes data on experimental models of T2DM that are currently used, evaluates their advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis research, and describes in detail the factors that should be taken into account when using these models. Selection of a suitable model for tackling a particular issue is not always trivial; it affects study results and their interpretation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Наиболее распространенным эндокринным заболеванием в мире является сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2). Патогенез этого заболевания сложен и не до конца выяснен. Основным инструментом изучения патофизиологии и терапии СД2 на сегодняшний день остаются исследования, проведенные на экспериментальных моделях. Грызуны считаются лучшими моделями, потому что имеют небольшой размер, отличаются легкостью индукции СД2, коротким индукционным периодом и экономической эффективностью. В данном обзоре собрана информация об используемых в настоящее время экспериментальных моделях СД2, оценены их преимущества и недостатки, подробно описаны факторы, которые следует учитывать при использовании моделей. Выбор модели, подходящей для решения конкретного вопроса, не всегда представляет тривиальную задачу и влияет на результаты исследования и их интерпретацию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>beta cells</kwd><kwd>experimental animals</kwd><kwd>streptozotocin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>бета-клетки</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные лабораторные животные</kwd><kwd>стрептозотоцин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство высшего образования и науки Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2021-1075</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IDF Diabetes Atlas 10 th Edition.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulletin of the World Health Organization No. 312, April 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационный бюллетень ВОЗ № 312, апрель 2016 г.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvazava I.G., Petrakova O.S., Rogovaya O.S., Borisov M.A., Terskih V.V., Vorotelyak E.A., Vasiliev A.V. // Acta Naturae. 2018. 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