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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis: recent advances and future prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генная терапия муковисцидоза: достижения и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomunova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломунова</surname><given-names>Мария Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Lentiviral Vectors Engineering Divison, PhD Department of Scientific Development</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, руководитель Отдела Лентивирусных Технологий, Департамент научного развития</p></bio><email>lomunova@biocad.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershovich</surname><given-names>Pavel M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гершович</surname><given-names>Павел Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. (Biol.) Sci., Director of the Department for the Development of Gene Therapeutic Products</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, Директор департамента разработки генотерапевтических препаратов</p></bio><email>gershovich@biocad.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">JSC BIOCAD</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО Биокад</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Lomunova M.A., Gershovich P.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ломунова М.А., Гершович П.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lomunova M.A., Gershovich P.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ломунова М.А., Гершович П.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11708">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11708</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gene replacement therapies are novel therapeutic approaches that seek to tackle hereditary diseases caused by a congenital deficiency in a particular gene, when a functional copy of a gene can be delivered to the cells and tissues using various delivery systems. To do this, viral particles carrying a functional copy of the gene of interest and various nonviral gene delivery systems, including liposomes, nanoparticles, etc., can be used. In this review, we discuss the state of current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms and types of genetic mutations that lead to cystic fibrosis and highlight recent developments in gene therapy that can be leveraged to correct these mutations and to restore the physiological function of the carrier protein transporting sodium and chlorine ions in the airway epithelial cells. Restoration of carrier protein expression could lead to the normalization of ion and water transport across the membrane and induce a decrease in the viscosity of airway surface fluid, which is one of the pathological manifestations of this disease. This review also summarizes recently published preclinical and clinical data for various gene therapies to allow one to make some conclusions about future prospects for gene therapy in cystic fibrosis treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из современных подходов терапии наследственных заболеваний, вызванных врожденным дефицитом того или иного гена в организме, является заместительная генная терапия, при которой функциональную копию гена доставляют в клетки и ткани с помощью различных систем доставки. Для этого могут быть использованы как вирусные частицы, несущие в себе целевой трансген, так и различные невирусные методы доставки генетического материала с помощью липосом, наночастиц и др. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены молекулярно-генетические механизмы и типы генетических мутаций, приводящих к возникновению муковисцидоза, а также описаны современные подходы генной терапии, которые могут быть использованы для коррекции этих мутаций и восстановления нормального функционирования белка-переносчика ионов натрия и хлора в клетках эпителия респираторной системы. Восстановление экспрессии этого белка приведет к нормализации трансмембранного транспорта ионов и воды и, таким образом, к снижению вязкости поверхностной жидкости дыхательных путей, что является одним из патологических проявлений этого заболевания. Также в обзоре приведены результаты доклинических и клинических исследований различных генотерапевтических препаратов, которые позволяют сделать выводы о возможных перспективах применения генной терапии для терапии муковисцидоза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>cystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>viral vector</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>вирусный вектор</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Classification of cystic fibrosis and related disorders. Report of a Joint Working Group of WHO/ICF (M)A/ECFS/ECFTN. World Health Organization. // J. Cyst. Fibros. 2002. V. 1. 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