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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11583</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tandem Exon Duplications Expanding the Alternative Splicing Repertoire</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тандемные дупликации экзонов расширяют репертуар альтернативного сплайсинга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Timofei M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Тимофей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-9760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervouchine</surname><given-names>Dmitriy D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Давидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.pervouchine@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр наук о жизни, Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Ivanov T.M., Pervouchine D.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Иванов Т.М., Первушин Д.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov T.M., Pervouchine D.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Т.М., Первушин Д.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11583">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11583</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tandem exon duplications play an important role in the evolution of eukaryotic genes, providing a generic mechanism for adaptive regulation of protein function. In recent studies, tandem exon duplications have been linked to mutually exclusive exon choice, a pattern of alternative splicing in which one and only one exon from a group of tandemly arranged exons is included in the mature transcript. Here, we revisit the problem of identifying tandem exon duplications in eukaryotic genomes using bioinformatic methods and show that tandemly duplicated exons are abundant not only in the coding parts, but also in the untranslated regions. We present a number of remarkable examples of tandem exon duplications, identify unannotated duplicated exons, and provide statistical support for their expression using large panels of RNA-seq experiments.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тандемные дупликации экзонов, обеспечивающие механизм адаптивной регуляции функций белков, играют важную роль в эволюции эукариотических генов. В недавних исследованиях установлена связь тандемных дупликаций с образованием взаимоисключающих экзонов, т.е. с типом альтернативного сплайсинга, при котором в зрелый транскрипт включается один и только один экзон из группы тандемно расположенных экзонов. С использованием биоинформатических методов нами заново рассмотрена проблема идентификации тандемных дупликаций экзонов в эукариотических генах и показано, что тандемно дуплицированные экзоны широко распространены не только в кодирующих частях генов, но и в нетранслируемых областях. Приведен ряд примеров тандемных дупликаций экзонов, идентифицированы неаннотированные тандемно дуплицированные экзоны, представлены статистические свидетельства их экспрессии с использованием больших панелей экспериментов секвенирования РНК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alternative splicing</kwd><kwd>gene structure</kwd><kwd>tandem exon duplications</kwd><kwd>RNA-sec</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альтернативный сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>структура РНК</kwd><kwd>тандемные дупликации экзонов</kwd><kwd>РНК-секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-34-90174</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>18-29-13020-МК</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21-64-00006</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">TI is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 19-34-90174. DP acknowledges Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 18-29-13020-MK and Russian Science Foundation grant 21-64-00006.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантами Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований 19-34-90174 и 18-29-13020-МК, а также грантом 21-64-00006 Российского Научного Фонда.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Emanuel B.S., Shaikh T.H. // Nat. Rev. Genet. 2001. V. 2. № 10. P. 791–800.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Mehan M.R., Freimer N.B., Ophoff R.A. // Hum. Genomics. 2004. V. 1. № 5. P. 335–344.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ma M.Y., Lan X.R., Niu D.K. // Peer J. 2016. V. 4. P. e2272.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Kolkman J.A., Stemmer W.P. // Nat. Biotechnol. 2001. V. 19. № 5. 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