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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11522</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11522</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Inactivating Gene Expression with Antisense Modified Oligonucleotides</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Altman</surname><given-names>Sidney</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><email>sidney.altman@yale.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Angele-Martinez</surname><given-names>Carlos</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><email>sidney.altman@yale.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yale University New Haven</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Arizona State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>Yale University New Haven</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Altman S., Angele-Martinez C.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Altman S., Angele-Martinez C.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Altman S., Angele-Martinez C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Altman S., Angele-Martinez C.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11522">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11522</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modified nucleotides, including phosphoramidates and mesyl nucleotides, are very effective in inactivating gene expression in bacteria. <italic>Gyr A</italic> is the target gene in several organisms, including <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>. Antisense reactions with bacteria infecting citrus plants are promising but incomplete. Human tissue culture cells assayed with a different target are also susceptible to the presence of mesyl oligonucleotides.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modified nucleotides</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>Plasmodium falciparum</kwd><kwd>citrus plants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Stark B.C., Kole R., Bowman E.J., Altman S. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1978. V. 75. P. 3717–3721.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Guerrier-Takada C., Gardiner K., Marsh T., Pace N., Altman S. // Cell. 1983. V. 35. 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