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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11501</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the TREC and KREC Levels in the Dried Blood Spots of Healthy Newborns with Different Gestational Ages and Weights</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ уровней TREС и KREC в образцах сухой крови новорожденных разного гестационного возраста и веса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-2221</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3623-8672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremokhin</surname><given-names>Dmitrii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемохин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dimacheremokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9800-2797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shinwari</surname><given-names>Khyber</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шинвари</surname><given-names>Хайбер</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dimacheremokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5614-5944</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6037-3221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deryabina</surname><given-names>Svetlana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерябина</surname><given-names>Светлана Степановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dimacheremokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-9907</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4610-0275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolkov</surname><given-names>Michail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болков</surname><given-names>Михаил Артемович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dimacheremokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-0950</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8480-3628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuzankina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тузанкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dimacheremokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4129-7880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>Dmitrii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dimacheremokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт иммунологии и физиологии УрО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Center “Healthcare of mother and child”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинико-диагностический центр «Охрана здоровья матери и ребенка»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Immunochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering of the Ural Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНЦ Институт иммунологии ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Cheremokhin D.A., Shinwari K., Deryabina S.S., Bolkov M.A., Tuzankina I.A., Kudlay D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Черемохин Д.А., Шинвари Х., Дерябина С.С., Болков М.А., Тузанкина И.А., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cheremokhin D.A., Shinwari K., Deryabina S.S., Bolkov M.A., Tuzankina I.A., Kudlay D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черемохин Д.А., Шинвари Х., Дерябина С.С., Болков М.А., Тузанкина И.А., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11501">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11501</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>ABSTRACT </bold>Inborn errors of immunity can be detected by evaluating circular DNA (cDNA) fragments of T- and B-cell receptors (TREC and KREC) resulting from the receptor gene rearrangement in T and B cells. Maturation and activation of the fetal immune system is known to proceed gradually according to the gestational age, which highlights the importance of the immune status in premature infants at different gestational ages. In this article, we evaluated TREC and KREC levels in infants of various gestational ages by real-time PCR with taking into account the newborn’s weight and sex. The 95% confidence intervals for TREC and KREC levels (expressed in the number of cDNA copies per 10<sup>5</sup> cells) were established for different gestational groups. The importance of studying immune system development in newborns is informed by the discovered dependence of the level of naive markers on the gestational stage in the early neonatal period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Врожденные ошибки иммунитета можно выявлять, определяя кольцевые молекулы ДНК, образующиеся в ходе реаранжировки Т- и В-клеточных рецепторов (TREC и KREC). Известно, что созревание и активация иммунной системы плода происходят постепенно в соответствии со сроками гестации, что указывает на важность определения параметров иммунитета у недоношенных детей в разные периоды развития. Представлены результаты определения числа копий TREC и KREC с помощью ПЦР в реальном времени у детей разного гестационного возраста с учетом веса и пола новорожденного. Определены 95% интервалы уровней TREC и KREC (выраженные в числе копий на 10<sup>5</sup> клеток) в различных возрастных группах. Обнаружено, что количество маркеров наивных лимфоцитов зависит от гестационной стадии развития в ранний неонатальный период.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>T-cell receptor excision circles</kwd><kwd>K-deleting recombination excision circles</kwd><kwd>primary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>inborn error of immunity</kwd><kwd>severe combined immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>reference value</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>TREC</kwd><kwd>KREC</kwd><kwd>первичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>врожденные ошибки иммунитета</kwd><kwd>тяжелая комбинированная иммунная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт иммунологии и физиологии УрО РАН</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>АААА-А21-121012090091-6</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tangye S.G., Al-Herz W., Bousfiha A., Chatila T., Cunningham- Rundles C., Etzioni A., Franco J.L., Holland S.M., Klein C., Morio T., et al. // J. 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