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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic Diversity and Evolution of the Biological Features of the Pandemic SARS-CoV-2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетическое разнообразие и эволюция биологических свойств коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в условиях глобального распространения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-0935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.nikonova@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Faizuloev</surname><given-names>Eugene B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзулоев</surname><given-names>Евгений Бахтиерович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>faizuloev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastuxa_70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakov</surname><given-names>Igor Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаков</surname><given-names>Игорь Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isakov.med@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Vitaly V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Виталий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vitalyzverev@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Nikonova A.A., Faizuloev E.B., Gracheva A.V., Isakov I.Y., Zverev V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Никонова А.А., Файзулоев Е.Б., Грачева А.В., Исаков И.Ю., Зверев В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikonova A.A., Faizuloev E.B., Gracheva A.V., Isakov I.Y., Zverev V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никонова А.А., Файзулоев Е.Б., Грачева А.В., Исаков И.Ю., Зверев В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11337">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11337</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) represents a challenge for global health. Since the outbreak began, the number of confirmed cases has exceeded 117 million, with more than 2.6 million deaths worldwide. With public health measures aimed at containing the spread of the disease, several countries have faced a crisis in the availability of intensive care units. Currently, a large-scale effort is underway to identify the nucleotide sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that is an etiological agent of COVID-19. Global sequencing of thousands of viral genomes has revealed many common genetic variants, which enables the monitoring of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the tracking of its spread over time. Understanding the current evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary not only for a retrospective analysis of the new coronavirus infection spread, but also for the development of approaches to the therapy and prophylaxis of COVID-19. In this review, we have focused on the general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Also, we have analyzed available publications on the genetic diversity of the virus and the relationship between the diversity and the biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, such as virulence and contagiousness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) представляет серьезную угрозу для глобального здравоохранения. С начала пандемии число пациентов с подтвержденной инфекцией в мире превысило 117 млн, из них более 2.6 млн скончались. Несмотря на беспрецедентные ответные меры общественного здравоохранения, направленные на сдерживание распространения заболевания, ряд стран столкнулся с кризисом в отделениях интенсивной терапии. В настоящее время предпринимаются большие усилия по мониторингу генетической изменчивости этиологического агента COVID-19 – коронавируса SARS-CoV-2. Секвенирование сотен тысяч геномов вирусов, выделенных в разных регионах мира, позволяет изучать эволюцию SARS-CoV-2 и отслеживать его географическое распространение с течением времени. Понимание эволюции SARS-CoV-2 необходимо не только для ретроспективного анализа причин появления и закономерностей распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции, но и для создания терапевтических и профилактических средств против COVID-19. В этом обзоре представлена общая характеристика SARS-CoV-2 и вызываемого им заболевания, а также проанализированы источники, описывающие генетическое разнообразие вируса и его взаимосвязь с биологическими свойствами SARS-CoV-2, такими, как вирулентность и контагиозность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronaviruses</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>contagiousness</kwd><kwd>virus evolution</kwd><kwd>viral genome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирусы</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>патогенность</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>контагиозность</kwd><kwd>эволюция вирусов</kwd><kwd>вирусный геном</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFBR</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-04-60079</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 20-04-60079</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-04-60079</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Liu Y.C., Kuo R.L., Shih S.R. // Biomed. 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