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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11270</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Glial Tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Некодирующие РНК в патогенезе глиальных опухолей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Феликсовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>t_kov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>Tatyana D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iceberg987@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипова</surname><given-names>Надежда Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nadine.antipova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhparonov</surname><given-names>Michail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахпаронов</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shakhparonov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlyukov</surname><given-names>Marat S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлюков</surname><given-names>Марат Самвелович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marat.pav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kovalenko T.F., Larionova T.D., Antipova N.V., Shakhparonov M.I., Pavlyukov M.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Коваленко Т.Ф., Ларионова Т.Д., Антипова Н.В., Шахпаронов М.И., Павлюков М.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalenko T.F., Larionova T.D., Antipova N.V., Shakhparonov M.I., Pavlyukov M.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Т.Ф., Ларионова Т.Д., Антипова Н.В., Шахпаронов М.И., Павлюков М.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11270">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11270</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among the many malignant neoplasms, glioblastoma (GBM) leads to one of the worst prognosis for patients and has an almost 100% recurrence rate. The only chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used for treating glioblastoma is temozolomide, a DNA alkylating agent. Its impact, however, is only minor; it increases patients’ survival just by 12 to 14 months. Multiple highly selective compounds that affect specific proteins and have performed well in other types of cancer have proved ineffective against glioblastoma. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel methods that could help achieve the long-awaited progress in glioblastoma treatment. One of the potentially promising approaches is the targeting of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These molecules are characterized by extremely high multifunctionality and often act as integrators by coordinating multiple key signaling pathways within the cell. Thus, the impact on ncRNAs has the potential to lead to a broader and stronger impact on cells, as opposed to the more focused action of inhibitors targeting specific proteins. In this review, we summarize the functions of long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, as well as microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. We provide a classification of these transcripts and describe their role in various signaling pathways and physiological processes. We also provide examples of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs belonging to each of these classes in the context of their involvement in the pathogenesis of gliomas and glioblastomas. In conclusion, we considered the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Глиобластома – одна из наиболее агрессивных опухолей головного мозга, характеризующаяся чрезвычайно плохим прогнозом и почти 100% частотой возникновения рецидивов. В химиотерапии глиобластомы широко используется лишь темозоломид – алкилирующий ДНК агент, который повышает среднюю выживаемость больных с 12 до 14 месяцев. Высокоселективные соединения, действующие на конкретные белки и хорошо зарекомендовавшие себя при других типах рака, оказались неэффективными при GBM. Таким образом, очевидна острая необходимость в разработке принципиально новых методов, которые помогут добиться долгожданного прогресса в лечении GBM. Один из таких подходов предполагает воздействие на некодирующие РНК, которые характеризуются высочайшей многофункциональностью и часто служат своеобразными интеграторами, координируя работу сразу нескольких сигнальных путей в клетке. Воздействие на некодирующие РНК потенциально может привести к значительно более масштабным изменениям в клетке, чем ингибирование отдельных белков. В нашем обзоре рассмотрены длинные некодирующие РНК, кольцевые РНК, а также микроРНК, РНК, взаимодействующие с PIWI, малые ядерные и малые ядрышковые РНК. Приведена классификация этих РНК, описана их роль в различных сигнальных путях и физиологических процессах. Приведены примеры онкогенных и онкосупрессорных некодирующих РНК каждого класса в контексте их участия в патогенезе глиом и глиобластом. Рассмотрены возможности применения некодирующих РНК в качестве диагностических маркеров и средств терапии глиобластом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glioma</kwd><kwd>glioblastoma</kwd><kwd>long noncoding RNAs</kwd><kwd>circRNAs</kwd><kwd>miRNAs</kwd><kwd>piRNAs</kwd><kwd>snRNAs</kwd><kwd>snoRNAs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глиома</kwd><kwd>глиобластома</kwd><kwd>длинные некодирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>пиРНК</kwd><kwd>малые ядрышковые РНК</kwd><kwd>малые ядерные РНК</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">грант РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFBR grant</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-14-50306</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">грант РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RSF grant</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-44-02027</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ostrom Q.T., Gittleman H., Truitt G., Boscia A., Kruchko C., Barnholtz-Sloan J.S. // Neuro Oncol. 2018. 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