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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11209</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11209</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MicroRNAs in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>микроРНК при миелодиспластическом синдроме</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Veryaskina</surname><given-names>Yuliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веряскина</surname><given-names>Юлия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>microrna@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Sergei E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Сергей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>titovse78@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovynev</surname><given-names>Igor B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковынев</surname><given-names>Игорь Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kovin_gem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>microrna@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pospelova</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поспелова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>depart04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhimulev</surname><given-names>Igor F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жимулёв</surname><given-names>Игорь Фёдорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zhimulev@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vector-Best</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">3АО «Вектор-Бест»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Veryaskina Y.A., Titov S.E., Kovynev I.B., Fedorova S.S., Pospelova T.I., Zhimulev I.F.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Веряскина Ю.А., Титов С.Е., Ковынев И.Б., Федорова С.С., Поспелова Т.И., Жимулёв И.Ф.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veryaskina Y.A., Titov S.E., Kovynev I.B., Fedorova S.S., Pospelova T.I., Zhimulev I.F.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веряскина Ю.А., Титов С.Е., Ковынев И.Б., Федорова С.С., Поспелова Т.И., Жимулёв И.Ф.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11209">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11209</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) holds a special place among blood cancers, as it represents a whole spectrum of hematological disorders with impaired differentiation of hematopoietic precursors, bone marrow dysplasia, genetic instability and is noted for an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Both genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in MDS development. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of normal hematopoiesis, and abnormal changes in their expression levels can contribute to hematological tumor development. To assess the prognosis of the disease, an international assessment system taking into account a karyotype, the number of blast cells, and the degree of deficiency of different blood cell types is used. However, the overall survival and effectiveness of the therapy offered are not always consistent with predictions. The search for new biomarkers, followed by their integration into the existing prognostic system, will allow for personalized treatment to be performed with more precision. Additionally, this paper explains how miRNA expression levels correlate with the prognosis of overall survival and response to the therapy offered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Миелодиспластические синдромы (МДС), представляющие собой группу гематологических нарушений с неэффективной дифференцировкой гемопоэтических предшественников, дисплазией костного мозга, генетической нестабильностью и повышенным риском развития острого миелоидного лейкоза, занимают особое место среди онкологических заболеваний крови. В развитии МДС участвуют как генетические, так и эпигенетические факторы, включая микроРНК – короткие некодирующие РНК, которые являются важными регуляторами нормального гемопоэза. Нарушение экспрессии микроРНК может способствовать развитию гематологических опухолей. Для прогноза течения МДС используется международная система оценки, которая учитывает кариотип, количество бластных клеток и степень дефицита различных клеток крови. Однако общая выживаемость и эффективность проводимой терапии не всегда соответствуют прогнозу. Поиск новых биомаркеров с последующей их интеграцией в прогностическую систему позволит максимально персонализировать проводимую терапию. Нами представлен полный обзор о роли микроРНК в регуляции гемопоэза и патогенезе МДС. Также приведены данные о взаимосвязи уровней экспрессии микроРНК с прогнозом общей выживаемости и ответа на проводимую терапию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myelodysplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>miRNA</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миелодиспластический синдром</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ в рамках научного проекта</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFBR within the framework of a scientific project</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-34-60024</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-34-60024.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kozomara A., Birgaoanu M., Griffiths-Jones S. // Nucl. 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