<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11144</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Insulators in the Genomes of Higher Eukaryotes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Функции и механизмы действия инсуляторов в геномах высших эукариот</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lsm73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgiev</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиев</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lsm73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovnin</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головнин</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lsm73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии гена РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-22"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Melnikova L.S., Georgiev P.G., Golovnin A.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Мельникова Л.С., Георгиев П.Г., Головнин А.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikova L.S., Georgiev P.G., Golovnin A.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Л.С., Георгиев П.Г., Головнин А.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11144">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11144</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The mechanisms underlying long-range interactions between chromatin regions and the principles of chromosomal architecture formation are currently under extensive scrutiny. A special class of regulatory elements known as insulators is believed to be involved in the regulation of specific long-range interactions between enhancers and promoters. This review focuses on the insulators of <italic>Drosophila</italic> and mammals, and it also briefly characterizes the proteins responsible for their functional activity. It was initially believed that the main properties of insulators are blocking of enhancers and the formation of independent transcription domains. We present experimental data proving that the chromatin loops formed by insulators play only an auxiliary role in enhancer blocking. The review also discusses the mechanisms involved in the formation of topologically associating domains and their role in the formation of the chromosomal architecture and regulation of gene transcription.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Механизмы дистанционных взаимодействий между участками хроматина и принципы формирования хромосомной архитектуры в настоящее время активно исследуются. В регуляции специфичных дистанционных взаимодействий между энхансерами и промоторами участвует особый класс регуляторных элементов, названных инсуляторами. В обзоре описаны инсуляторы дрозофилы и млекопитающих, кратко охарактеризованы белки, обеспечивающие их функциональную активность. Изначально считалось, что основными свойствами инсуляторов являются блокирование энхансеров и образование независимых доменов транскрипции. Мы приводим экспериментальные факты, доказывающие, что хроматиновые петли, формируемые инсуляторами, играют лишь вспомогательную роль в блокировании энхансеров. Обсуждаются механизмы формирования топологически ассоциированных доменов, их роль в создании хромосомной архитектуры и в регуляции транскрипции генов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulator proteins</kwd><kwd>enhancer-promoter communication</kwd><kwd>chromatin loops</kwd><kwd>regulation of transcription</kwd><kwd>Su(Hw)</kwd><kwd>TAD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсуляторные белки</kwd><kwd>энхансер-промоторные взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>хроматиновые петли</kwd><kwd>регуляция транскрипции</kwd><kwd>Su(Hw)</kwd><kwd>ТАД</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>18-14-00295</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Field A., Adelman K. // Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2020. V. 89. P. 213–234.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Klemm S.L., Shipony Z., Greenleaf W.J. // Nat. Rev. Genet. 2019. V. 20. № 4. P. 207–220.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Schoenfelder S., Fraser P. // Nat. Rev. Genet. 2019. V. 20. № 8. P. 437–455.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Frankel N., Davis G.K., Vargas D., Wang S., Payre F., Stern D.L. // Nature. 2010. V. 466. № 7305. P. 490–493.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Lettice L.A., Williamson I., Devenney P.S., Kilanowski F., Dorin J., Hill R.E. // Development. 2014. V. 141. № 8. P. 1715–1725.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Benyajati C., Worcel A. // Cell. 1976. V. 9. № 3. P. 393–407.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Geyer P.K., Corces V.G. // Genes Dev. 1992. V. 6. № 10. P. 1865–1873.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kellum R., Schedl P. // Cell. 1991. V. 64. № 5. P. 941–950.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kellum R., Schedl P. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1992. V. 12. № 5. P. 2424–2431.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Phillips J.E., Corces V.G. // Cell. 2009. V. 137. № 7. P. 1194–1211.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Wallace J.A., Felsenfeld G. // Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2007. V. 17(5). P. 400–407.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ali T., Renkawitz R., Bartkuhn M. // Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2016. V. 37. P. 17–26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Chetverina D., Fujioka M., Erokhin M., Georgiev P., Jaynes J.B., Schedl P. // Bioessays. 2017. V. 39. № 3. doi: 10.1002/bies.201600233.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ghirlando R., Felsenfeld G. // Genes Dev. 2016. V. 30. № 8. P. 881–891.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hnisz D., Day D.S., Young R.A. // Cell. 2016. V. 167. № 5. P. 1188–1200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Georgiev P. // FEBS Lett. 2014. V. 588. № 1. P. 8–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Matzat L.H., Lei E.P. // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2014. V. 1839. № 3. P. 203–214.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Chen D., Lei E.P. // Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 2019. V. 58. P. 61–68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Spradling A.C., Stern D.M., Kiss I., Roote J., Laverty T., Rubin G.M. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995. V. 92. № 24. P. 10824–10830.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Carlson C.M., Largaespada D.A. // Nat. Rev. Genet. 2005. V. 6. № 7. P. 568–580.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang F., Doudna J.A. // Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2017. V. 46. P. 505–529.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Pirrotta V., Steller H., Bozzetti M.P. // EMBO J. 1985. V. 4. № 13A. P. 3501–3508.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Levis R., Hazelrigg T., Rubin G.M. // Science. 1985. V. 229. № 4713. P. 558–561.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Silicheva M., Golovnin A., Pomerantseva E., Parshikov A., Georgiev P., Maksimenko O. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2010. V. 38. № 1. P. 39–47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Udvardy A., Maine E., Schedl P. // J. Mol. Biol. 1985. V. 185. № 2. P. 341–358.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Kuhn E.J., Hart C.M., Geyer P.K. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004. V. 24. № 4. P. 1470–1480.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Gaszner M., Vazquez J., Schedl P. // Genes Dev. 1999. V. 13. № 16. P. 2098–2107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Leman D., Parshikov A., Fedotova A., Studitsky V., Maksimenko O., Georgiev P. // PLoS One. 2013. V. 8. № 4. e62690.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Vazquez J., Schedl P. // EMBO J. 1994. V. 13. № 24. P. 5984–5993.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao K., Hart C.M., Laemmli U.K. // Cell. 1995. V. 81. № 6. P. 879–889.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Modolell J., Bender W., Meselson M. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1983. V. 80. № 6. P. 1678–1682.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Kim J., Shen B., Rosen C., Dorsett D. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996. V. 16. № 7. P. 3381–3392.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Bender W., Akam M., Karch F., Beachy P.A., Peifer M., Spierer P., Lewis E.B., Hogness D.S. // Science. 1983. V. 221. № 4605. P. 23–29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Hoover K.K., Gerasimova T.I., Chien A.J., Corces V.G. // Genetics. 1992. V. 132. № 3. P. 691–697.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Parkhurst S.M., Harrison D.A., Remington M.P., Spana C., Kelley R.L., Coyne R.S., Corces V.G. // Genes Dev. 1988. V. 2. № 10. P. 1205–1215.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Peifer M., Bender W. // EMBO J. 1986. V. 5. № 9. P. 2293–3203.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Geyer P.K., Green M.M., Corces V.G. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1988. V. 85. № 22. P. 8593–8597.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Smith P.A., Corces V.G. // Genetics. 1995. V. 139. № 1. P. 215–228.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Geyer P.K., Spana C., Corces V.G. // EMBO J. 1986. V. 5. № 10. P. 2657–2662.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Parkhurst S.M., Corces V.G. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1986. V. 6. № 1. P. 47–53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Mallin D.R., Myung J.S., Patton J.S., Geyer P.K. // Genetics. 1998. V. 148. № 1. P. 331–339.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Sigrist C.J., Pirrotta V. // Genetics. 1997. V. 147. № 1. P. 209–221.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Conte C., Dastugue B., Vaury C. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002. V. 22. № 6. P. 1767–1777.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Brasset E., Hermant C., Jensen S., Vaury C. // Gene. 2010. V. 450. № 1. P. 25–31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Golovnin A., Biryukova I., Romanova O., Silicheva M., Parshikov A., Savitskaya E., Pirrotta V., Georgiev P. // Development. 2003. V. 130. № 14. P. 3249–3258.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Parnell T.J., Viering M.M., Skjesol A., Helou C., Kuhn E.J., Geyer P.K. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2003. V. 100. № 23. P. 13436–13441.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Negre N., Brown C.D., Shah P.K., Kheradpour P., Morrison C.A., Henikoff J.G., Feng X., Ahmad K., Russell S., White R.A., et al. // PLoS Genet. 2010. V. 6. № 1. e1000814.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Schwartz Y.B., Linder-Basso D., Kharchenko P.V., Tolstorukov M.Y., Kim M., Li H.B., Gorchakov A.A., Minoda A., Shanower G., Alekseyenko A.A., et al. // Genome Res. 2012. V. 22. № 11. P. 2188–2198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Soshnev A.A., Ishimoto H., McAllister B.F., Li X., Wehling M.D., Kitamoto T., Geyer P.K. // Genetics. 2011. V. 189. № 2. P. 455–468.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Scott K.C., Taubman A.D., Geyer P.K. // Genetics. 1999. V. 153. № 2. P. 787–798.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Kostyuchenko M., Parshikov A., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // PLoS One. 2018. V. 13. № 2. e0193497.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Belozerov V.E., Majumder P., Shen P.., Cai H.N. // EMBO J. 2003. V. 22. № 12. P. 3113–3121.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Li M., Ma Z., Liu J.K., Roy S., Patel S.K., Lane D.C., Cai H.N. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2015. V. 35. № 23. P. 4018–4029.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Vazquez J., Schedl P. // Genetics. 2000. V. 155. № 3. P. 1297–1311.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Chetverina D., Savitskaya E., Maksimenko O., Melnikova L., Zaytseva O., Parshikov A., Galkin A.V., Georgiev P. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2008. V. 36. № 3. P. 929–937.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Sultana H., Verma S., Mishra R.K. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2011. V. 39. № 9. P. 3543–3557.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Aoki T., Sarkeshik A., Yates J., Schedl P. // Elife. 2012. V. 1. e00171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Barges S., Mihaly J., Galloni M., Hagstrom K., Muller M., Shanower G., Schedl P., Gyurkovics H., Karch F. // Development. 2000. V. 127. № 4. P. 779–790.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Gruzdeva N., Kyrchanova O., Parshikov A., Kullyev A., Georgiev P. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005. V. 25. № 9. P. 3682–3689.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Gyurkovics H., Gausz J., Kummer J., Karch F. // EMBO J. 1990. V. 9. № 8. P. 2579–2585.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Hogga I., Mihaly J., Barges S., Karch F. // Mol. Cell. 2001. V. 8. № 5. P. 1145–1151.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Iampietro C., Cleard F., Gyurkovics H., Maeda R.K., Karch F. // Development. 2008. V. 135. № 24. P. 3983–3987.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Iampietro C., Gummalla M., Mutero A., Karch F., Maeda R.K. // PLoS Genet. 2010. V. 6. № 12. e1001260.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Rodin S., Kyrchanova O., Pomerantseva E., Parshikov A., Georgiev P. // Genetics. 2007. V. 177. № 1. P. 113–121.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Schweinsberg S.E., Schedl P. // Development. 2004. V. 131. № 19. P. 4743–4749.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Ciavatta D., Rogers S., Magnuson T. // J. Mol. Biol. 2007. V. 373. № 2. P. 233–239.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Hagstrom K., Muller M., Schedl P. // Genes Dev. 1996. V. 10. № 2. P. 3202–3215.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Maksimenko O., Bartkuhn M., Stakhov V., Herold M., Zolotarev N., Jox T., Buxa M.K., Kirsch R., Bonchuk A., Fedotova A., et al. // Genome Res. 2015. V. 25. № 1. P. 89–99.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Perez-Lluch S., Cuartero S., Azorin F., Espinas M.L. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2008. V. 36. № 21. P. 6926–6933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Schweinsberg S., Hagstrom K., Gohl D., Schedl P., Kumar R.P., Mishra R., Karch F. // Genetics. 2004. V. 168. № 3. P. 1371–1384.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou J., Barolo S., Szymanski P., Levine M. // Genes Dev. 1996. V. 10. № 24. P. 3195–3201.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Chung J.H., Whiteley M., Felsenfeld G. // Cell. 1993. V. 74. № 3. P. 505–514.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Bell A.C., West A.G., Felsenfeld G. // Cell. 1999. V. 98. № 3. P. 387–396.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arzate-Mejia R.G., Recillas-Targa F., Corces V.G. // Development. 2018. V. 145. № 6. P. dev137729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arzate-Mejia R.G., Recillas-Targa F., Corces V.G. // Development. 2018. V. 145. № 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Herold M., Bartkuhn M., Renkawitz R. // Development. 2012. V. 139. № 6. P. 1045–1057.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Bell A.C., Felsenfeld G. // Nature. 2000. V. 405. № 6785. P. 482–485.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Hark A.T., Schoenherr C.J., Katz D.J., Ingram R.S., Levorse J.M., Tilghman S.M. // Nature. 2000. V. 405. № 6785. P. 486–489.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Kanduri C., Pant V., Loukinov D., Pugacheva E., Qi C.F., Wolffe A., Ohlsson R., Lobanenkov V.V. // Curr. Biol. 2000. V. 10. № 14. P. 853–856.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Dorsett D. // Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1999. V. 9. № 5. P. 505–514.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Geyer P.K. // Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1997. V. 7. № 2. P. 242–248.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Liu G., Dean A. // Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech. 2019. V. 1862. № 6. P. 625–633.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morcillo ., Rosen C., Baylies M.K., Dorsett D. // Genes Dev. 1997. V. 11. № 20. P. 2729–2740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morcillo P., Rosen C., Baylies M.K., Dorsett D. // Genes Dev. 1997. V. 11. № 20. P. 2729–2740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>Gause M., Morcillo P., Dorsett D. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001. V. 21. № 14. P. 4807–4817.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Torigoi E., Bennani-Baiti I.M., Rosen C., Gonzalez K., Morcillo P., Ptashne M., Dorsett D. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2000. V. 97. № 6. P. 2686–2691.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>Gerasimova T.I., Corces V.G. // Annu. Rev. Genet. 2001. V. 35. P. 193–208.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>Gerasimova T.I., Byrd K., Corces V.G. // Mol. Cell. 2000. V. 6. № 5. P. 1025–1035.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>Valenzuela L., Kamakaka R.T. // Annu. Rev. Genet. 2006. V. 40. P. 107–138.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>Boettiger A., Murphy S. // Trends Genet. 2020. V. 36. № 4. P. 273–287.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>Chang L.H., Ghosh S., Noordermeer D. // J. Mol. Biol. 2020. V. 432. № 3. P. 643–652.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>Sikorska N., Sexton T. // J. Mol. Biol. 2020. V. 432. № 3. P. 653–664.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>Szabo Q., Bantignies F., Cavalli G. // Sci. Adv. 2019. V. 5. № 4. eaaw1668.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>Harrison D.A., Gdula D.A., Coyne R.S., Corces V.G. // Genes Dev. 1993. V. 7. № 10. P. 1966–1978.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>Baxley R.M., Bullard J.D., Klein M.W., Fell A.G., Morales-Rosado J.A., Duan T., Geyer P.K. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2017. V. 45. № 8. P. 4463–4478.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>Soshnev A.A., He B., Baxley R.M., Jiang N., Hart C.M., Tan K., Geyer P.K. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2012. V. 40. № 12. P. 5415–5431.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>Georgiev P., Kozycina M. // Genetics. 1996. V. 142. № 2. P. 425–436.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>Duan T., Geyer P.K. // Genetics. 2018. V. 209. № 3. P. 757–772.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Elizar’ev P., Erokhin M., Molodina V., Chetverina D., Kostyuchenko M., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // Sci. Rep. 2019. V. 9. P. 5314.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>Soshnev A.A., Baxley R.M., Manak J.R., Tan K., Geyer P.K. // Development. 2013. V. 140. № 17. P. 3613–3623.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>Buchner K., Roth P., Schotta G., Krauss V., Saumweber H., Reuter G., Dorn R. // Genetics. 2000. V. 155. № 1. P. 141–157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B100"><label>100.</label><mixed-citation>Gerasimova T.I., Gdula D.A., Gerasimov D.V., Simonova O., Corces V.G. // Cell. 1995. V. 82. № 4. P. 587–597.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B101"><label>101.</label><mixed-citation>Zollman S., Godt D., Prive G.G., Couderc J.L., Laski F.A. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994. V. 91. № 22. P. 10717–10721.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B102"><label>102.</label><mixed-citation>Bonchuk A., Denisov S., Georgiev P., Maksimenko O. // J. Mol. Biol. 2011. V. 412. № 3. P. 423–436.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B103"><label>103.</label><mixed-citation>Ghosh D., Gerasimova T.I., Corces V.G. // EMBO J. 2001. V. 20. № 10. P. 2518–2527.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B104"><label>104.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Kostyuchenko M., Molodina V., Parshikov A.., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // Open Biol. 2017. V. 7. № 10. P. 170150.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B105"><label>105.</label><mixed-citation>Oliver D., Sheehan B., South H., Akbari O., Pai C.Y. // BMC Cell Biol. 2010. V. 11. P. 101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B106"><label>106.</label><mixed-citation>Plevock K.M., Galletta B.J., Slep K.C., Rusan N.M. // PLoS One. 2015. V. 10. № 12. e0144174.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B107"><label>107.</label><mixed-citation>Vogelmann J., Le Gall A., Dejardin S., Allemand F., Gamot A., Labesse G., Cuvier O., Negre N., Cohen-Gonsaud M., Margeat E., et al. // PLoS Genet. 2014. V. 10. № 8. P. e1004544.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B108"><label>108.</label><mixed-citation>Pai C.Y., Lei E.P., Ghosh D., Corces V.G. // Mol. Cell. 2004. V. 16. № 5. P. 737–748.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B109"><label>109.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Kostyuchenko M., Molodina V., Parshikov A., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // Chromosoma. 2018. V. 127. № 1. P. 59–71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B110"><label>110.</label><mixed-citation>Golovnin A., Mazur A., Kopantseva M., Kurshakova M., Gulak P.V., Gilmore B., Whitfield W.G., Geyer P., Pirrotta V., Georgiev P. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2007. V. 27. № 3. P. 963–974.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B111"><label>111.</label><mixed-citation>Nègre N., Brown C.D., Ma L., Bristow C.A., Miller S.W., Wagner U., Kheradpour P., Eaton M.L., Loriaux P., Sealfon R., et al. // Nature. 2011. V. 471. № 7339. P. 527–531.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B112"><label>112.</label><mixed-citation>Alekseyenko A.A., Gorchakov A.A., Zee B.M., Fuchs S.M., Kharchenko P.V., Kuroda M.I. // Genes Dev. 2014. V. 28. № 13. P. 1445–1460.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B113"><label>113.</label><mixed-citation>Caron C., Pivot-Pajot C., van Grunsven L.A., Col E., Lestrat C., Rousseaux S., Khochbin S. // EMBO Rep. 2003. V. 4. № 9. P. 877–882.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B114"><label>114.</label><mixed-citation>Lahn B.T., Tang Z.L., Zhou J., Barndt R..J, Parvinen M., Allis C.D., Page D.C. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002. V. 99. № 13. P. 8707–8712.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B115"><label>115.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Molodina V., Erokhin M., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // Sci. Rep. 2019. V. 9. № 1. P. 19102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B116"><label>116.</label><mixed-citation>Glenn S.E., Geyer P.K. // G3 (Bethesda). 2019. V. 9. № 2. P. 345–357.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B117"><label>117.</label><mixed-citation>Kurshakova M., Maksimenko O., Golovnin A., Pulina M., Georgieva S., Georgiev P., Krasnov A. // Mol. Cell. 2007. V. 27. № 2. P. 332–338.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B118"><label>118.</label><mixed-citation>Maksimenko O., Kyrchanova O., Bonchuk A., Stakhov V., Parshikov A., Georgiev P. // Epigenetics. 2014. V. 9. № 9. P. 1261–1270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B119"><label>119.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King M.R., Matzat L.H, Dale R.K., Lim S.J., Lei E.P. // J. Cell Sci. 2014. V. 127. № 13. P. 2956–2966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King M.R., Matzat L.H., Dale R.K., Lim S.J., Lei E.P. // J. Cell Sci. 2014. V. 127. № 13. P. 2956–2966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B120"><label>120.</label><mixed-citation>Matzat L.H., Dale R.K, Moshkovich N., Lei E.P. // PLoS Genet. 2012. V. 8. № 11. P. e1003069.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B121"><label>121.</label><mixed-citation>Lei E.P., Corces V.G. // Nat. Genet. 2006. V. 38. № 8. P. 936–941.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B122"><label>122.</label><mixed-citation>Golovnin A., Melnikova L., Shapovalov I., Kostyuchenko M., Georgiev P. // PLoS One. 2015. V. 10. № 10. e0140991.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B123"><label>123.</label><mixed-citation>Golovnin A., Melnikova L., Volkov I., Kostuchenko M., Galkin A.V., Georgiev P. // EMBO Rep. 2008. V. 9. № 5. P. 440–445.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B124"><label>124.</label><mixed-citation>Golovnin A., Volkov I., Georgiev P. // J. Cell Sci. 2012. V. 125. № 8. P. 2064–2074.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B125"><label>125.</label><mixed-citation>Gerasimova T.I., Lei E.P., Bushey A.M., Corces V.G. // Mol. Cell. 2007. V. 28. № 5. P. 61–72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B126"><label>126.</label><mixed-citation>Wasser M., Chia W. // PLoS One. 2007. V. 2. № 5. e412.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B127"><label>127.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Shapovalov I., Kostyuchenko M., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // Chromosoma. 2017. V. 126. № 2. P. 299–311.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B128"><label>128.</label><mixed-citation>Iuchi S. // Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001. V. 58. № 4. P. 625–635.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B129"><label>129.</label><mixed-citation>Najafabadi H.S., Mnaimneh S., Schmitges F.W., Garton M., Lam K.N., Yang A., Albu M., Weirauch M.T., Radovani E., Kim P.M., et al. // Nat. Biotechnol. 2015. V. 33. № 5. P. 555–562.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B130"><label>130.</label><mixed-citation>Razin S.V., Borunova V.V., Maksimenko O.G., Kantidze O.L. // Biochemistry (Moscow) 2012. V. 77. № 3. P. 217–226.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B131"><label>131.</label><mixed-citation>Heger P., Marin B., Bartkuhn M., Schierenberg E., Wiehe T. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012. V. 109. № 43. P. 17507–17512.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B132"><label>132.</label><mixed-citation>Wendt K.S., Yoshida K., Itoh T., Bando M., Koch B., Schirghuber E., Tsutsumi, S., Nagae G., Ishihara K., Mishiro T., et al. // Nature. 2008. V. 451. № 7180. P. 796–801.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B133"><label>133.</label><mixed-citation>Heath H., Ribeiro de Almeida C., Sleutels F., Dingjan G., van de Nobelen S., Jonkers I., Ling K.W., Gribnau J., Renkawitz R., Grosveld F., et al. // EMBO J. 2008. V. 27. № 21. P. 2839–2850.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B134"><label>134.</label><mixed-citation>Soshnikova N., Montavon T., Leleu M., Galjart N., Duboule D. // Dev. Cell. 2010. V. 19. № 6. P. 819–830.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B135"><label>135.</label><mixed-citation>Splinter E., Heath H., Kooren J., Palstra R.J., Klous P., Grosveld F., Galjart N., de Laat W., et al. // Genes Dev. 2006. V. 20. № 17. P. 2349–2354.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B136"><label>136.</label><mixed-citation>Moon H., Filippova G., Loukinov D., Pugacheva E., Chen Q., Smith S.T., Munhall A., Grewe B., Bartkuhn M., Arnold R., et al. // EMBO Rep. 2005. V. 6. № 2. P. 165–170.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B137"><label>137.</label><mixed-citation>Hashimoto H., Wang D., Horton J.R., Zhang X., Corces V.G., Cheng X. // Mol. Cell. 2017. V. 66. № 5. P. 711–720 e3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B138"><label>138.</label><mixed-citation>Nakahashi H., Kieffer Kwon K.R., Resch W., Vian L., Dose M., Stavreva D., Hakim O., Pruett N., Nelson S., Yamane A., et al. // Cell Rep. 2013. V. 3. № 5. P. 1678–1689.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B139"><label>139.</label><mixed-citation>Bonchuk A., Kamalyan S., Mariasina S., Boyko K., Popov V., Maksimenko O., Georgiev P. // Sci. Rep. 2020. V. 10. № 1. P. 2677.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B140"><label>140.</label><mixed-citation>Li Y., Haarhuis J.H.I., Sedeno Cacciatore A., Oldenkamp R., van Ruiten M.S., Willems L., Teunissen H., Muir K.W., de Wit E., Rowland B.D., et al. // Nature. 2020. V. 578. № 7795. P. 472–476.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B141"><label>141.</label><mixed-citation>Parelho V., Hadjur S., Spivakov M., Leleu M., Sauer S, Gregson H.C., Jarmuz A., Canzonetta C., Webster Z., Nesterova T., et al. // Cell. 2008. V. 132. № 3. P. 422–433.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B142"><label>142.</label><mixed-citation>Fedotova A.A., Bonchuk A.N., Mogila V.A., Georgiev P.G. // Acta Naturae. 2017. V. 9. № 2. P. 47–58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B143"><label>143.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Zolotarev N., Mogila V., Maksimenko O., Schedl P., Georgiev P. // Development. 2017. V. 144. № 14. P. 2663–2672.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B144"><label>144.</label><mixed-citation>Page A.R., Kovacs A., Deak P., Torok T., Kiss I., Dario P., Bastos C., Batista P., Gomes R., Ohkura H., et al. // EMBO J. 2005. V. 24. № 24. P. 4304–4315.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B145"><label>145.</label><mixed-citation>Zolotarev N., Fedotova A., Kyrchanova O., Bonchuk A., Penin A.A., Lando A.S., Eliseeva I.A., Kulakovskiy I.V., Maksimenko O., Georgiev P. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2016. V. 44. № 15. P. 7228–7241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B146"><label>146.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Chetverina D., Maksimenko O., Kullyev A., Georgiev P. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2008. V. 36. № 22. P. 7019–7028.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B147"><label>147.</label><mixed-citation>Espinas M.L., Jimenez-Garcia E., Vaquero A., Canudas S., Bernues J., Azorin F. // J. Biol. Chem. 1999. V. 274. № 23. P. 16461–16469.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B148"><label>148.</label><mixed-citation>Lu Q., Wallrath L.L., Granok H., Elgin S.C. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1993. V. 13. № 5. P. 2802–2814.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B149"><label>149.</label><mixed-citation>Bartoletti M., Rubin T., Chalvet F., Netter S., Dos Santos N., Poisot E., Paces-Fessy M., Cumenal D., Peronnet F., Pret A.M., et al. // PLoS One. 2012. V. 7. № 11. e49958.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B150"><label>150.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Juge F., Gruzdeva N., Mazur A., Cavalli G., Georgiev P. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004. V. 101. № 41. P. 14806–14811.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B151"><label>151.</label><mixed-citation>Pagans S., Ortiz-Lombardia M., Espinas M.L., Bernues J., Azorin F. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2002. V. 30. № 20. P. 4406–4413.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B152"><label>152.</label><mixed-citation>Hart C.M., Zhao K., Laemmli U.K. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1997. V. 17. № 2. P. 999–1009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B153"><label>153.</label><mixed-citation>Gilbert M.K., Tan Y.Y., Hart C.M. // Genetics. 2006. V. 173. № 3. P. 1365–1375.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B154"><label>154.</label><mixed-citation>Emberly E., Blattes R., Schuettengruber B., Hennion M., Jiang N., Hart C.M., Kas E., Cuvier O. // PLoS Biol. 2008. V. 6. № 12. P. 2896–2910.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B155"><label>155.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang N., Emberly E., Cuvier O., Hart C.M. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2009. V. 29. № 13. P. 3556–3568.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B156"><label>156.</label><mixed-citation>Cuartero S., Fresan U., Reina O., Planet E., Espinas M.L. // EMBO J. 2014. V. 33. № 6. P. 637–647.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B157"><label>157.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedotova A., Aoki T., Rossier M., Mishra R.K., Clendinen C., Kyrchanova O., Wolle D., Bonchuk A., Maeda R. K., Mutero A., et al. // Genetics. 2018. V. 210. № 2. P. 573–585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedotova A., Aoki T., Rossier M., Mishra R.K., Clendinen C., Kyrchanova O., Wolle D., Bonchuk A., Maeda R.K., Mutero A., et al. // Genetics. 2018. V. 210. № 2. P. 573–585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B158"><label>158.</label><mixed-citation>Dai Q., Ren A., Westholm J.O., Duan H., Patel D.J., Lai E.C. // Genes Dev. 2015. V. 29. № 1. P. 48–62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B159"><label>159.</label><mixed-citation>Bartkuhn M., Straub T., Herold M., Herrmann M., Rathke C., Saumweber H., Gilfillan G.D., Becker P.B., Renkawitz R. // EMBO J. 2009. V. 28. № 7. P. 877–888.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B160"><label>160.</label><mixed-citation>Bushey A.M., Ramos E., Corces V.G. // Genes Dev. 2009. V. 23. № 11. P. 1338–1350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B161"><label>161.</label><mixed-citation>Mohan M., Bartkuhn M., Herold M., Philippen A., Heinl N., Bardenhagen I., Leers J., White R.A., Renkawitz-Pohl R., Saumweber H., et al. // EMBO J. 2007. V. 26. № 19. P. 4203–4214.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B162"><label>162.</label><mixed-citation>Liang J., Lacroix L., Gamot A., Cuddapah S., Queille S., Lhoumaud P., Lepetit P., Martin P.G., Vogelmann J., Court F., et al. // Mol. Cell. 2014. V. 53. № 4. P. 672–681.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B163"><label>163.</label><mixed-citation>Ahanger S.H., Gunther K., Weth O., Bartkuhn M., Bhonde R.R., Shouche Y.S., Renkawitz R. // Sci. Rep. 2014. V. 4. P. 3917.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B164"><label>164.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nora E.P., Goloborodko A., Valton A.L., Gibcus J.H, Uebersohn A., Abdennur N., Dekker J., Mirny L.A., Bruneau B.G. // Cell. 2017. V. 169. № 5. P. 930–944 e22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nora E.P., Goloborodko A., Valton A.L., Gibcus J.H., Uebersohn A., Abdennur N., Dekker J., Mirny L.A., Bruneau B.G. // Cell. 2017. V. 169. № 5. P. 930–944 e22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B165"><label>165.</label><mixed-citation>Golovnin A., Melnick E., Mazur A., Georgiev P. // Genetics. 2005. V. 170. № 3. P. 1133–1142.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B166"><label>166.</label><mixed-citation>Vorobyeva N.E., Mazina M.U., Golovnin A.K., Kopytova D.V., Gurskiy D.Y., Nabirochkina E.N., Georgieva S.G., Georgiev P.G., Krasnov A.N. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2013. V. 41. № 11. P. 5717–5730.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B167"><label>167.</label><mixed-citation>Erokhin M., Davydova A., Kyrchanova O., Parshikov A., Georgiev P., Chetverina D. // Development. 2011. V. 138. № 18. P. 4097–4106.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B168"><label>168.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Maksimenko O., Stakhov V., Ivlieva T., Parshikov A., Studitsky V.M., Georgiev P. // PLoS Genet. 2013. V. 9. № 7. P. e1003606.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B169"><label>169.</label><mixed-citation>Holohan E.E., Kwong C., Adryan B., Bartkuhn M., Herold M., Renkawitz R., Russell S., White R. // PLoS Genet. 2007. V. 3. № 7. P. e112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B170"><label>170.</label><mixed-citation>Maksimenko O., Golovnin A., Georgiev P. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008. V. 28. № 17. P. 5469–5477.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B171"><label>171.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Elizar’ev P., Erokhin M., Molodina V., Chetverina D., Kostyuchenko M., Georgiev P., Golovnin A. // Sci. Rep. 2019. V. 9. № 1. P. 5314.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B172"><label>172.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova L., Kostuchenko M., Silicheva M., Georgiev P. // Chromosoma. 2008. V. 117. № 2. P. 137–145.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B173"><label>173.</label><mixed-citation>Kostyuchenko M., Savitskaya E., Koryagina E., Melnikova L., Karakozova M., Georgiev P. // Chromosoma. 2009. V. 118. № 5. P. 665–674.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B174"><label>174.</label><mixed-citation>Qian S., Varjavand B., Pirrotta V. // Genetics. 1992. V. 131. № 1. P. 79–90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B175"><label>175.</label><mixed-citation>Handoko L., Xu H., Li G., Ngan C.Y., Chew E., Schnapp M., Lee C.W., Ye C., Ping J.L., Mulawadi F., et al. // Nat. Genet. 2011. V. 43. № 7. P. 630–638.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B176"><label>176.</label><mixed-citation>Sanyal A., Lajoie B.R., Jain G., Dekker J. // Nature. 2012. V. 489. № 7414. P. 109–113.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B177"><label>177.</label><mixed-citation>Liu Z., Scannell D.R., Eisen M.B., Tjian R. // Cell. 2011. V. 146. № 5. P. 720–731.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B178"><label>178.</label><mixed-citation>Pena-Hernandez R., Marques M., Hilmi K., Zhao T., Saad A., Alaoui-Jamali M.A., del Rincon S.V., Ashworth T., Roy A.L., Emerson B.M., et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015. V. 112. № 7. P. E677–686.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B179"><label>179.</label><mixed-citation>Han L., Lee D.H., Szabo P.E. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008. V. 28. № 3. P. 1124–1135.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B180"><label>180.</label><mixed-citation>Kurukuti S., Tiwari V.K., Tavoosidana G., Pugacheva E., Murrell A., Zhao Z., Lobanenkov V., Reik W., Ohlsson R. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2006. V. 103. № 28. P. 10684–10689.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B181"><label>181.</label><mixed-citation>Li T., Hu J.F., Qiu X., Ling J., Chen H., Wang S., Hou A., Vu T.H., Hoffman A.R. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008. V. 28. № 20. P. 6473–6482.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B182"><label>182.</label><mixed-citation>Dekker J., Mirny L. // Cell. 2016. V. 164. № 6. P. 1110–1121.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B183"><label>183.</label><mixed-citation>Gomez-Diaz E., Corces V.G. // Trends Cell Biol. 2014. V. 24. № 11. P. 703–711.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B184"><label>184.</label><mixed-citation>Cai H.N., Shen P. // Science. 2001. V. 291. № 5503. P. 493–495.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B185"><label>185.</label><mixed-citation>Kuhn E.J., Viering M.M., Rhodes K.M., Geyer P.K. // EMBO J. 2003. V. 22. № 10. P. 2463–2471.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B186"><label>186.</label><mixed-citation>Muravyova E., Golovnin A., Gracheva E., Parshikov A., Belenkaya T., Pirrotta V., Georgiev P. // Science. 2001. V. 291. № 5503. P. 495–498.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B187"><label>187.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Toshchakov S., Parshikov A., Georgiev P. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2007. V. 27. № 8. P. 3035–3043.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B188"><label>188.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Toshchakov S., Podstreshnaya Y., Parshikov A., Georgiev P. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008. V. 28. № 12. P. 4188–4195.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B189"><label>189.</label><mixed-citation>Comet I., Savitskaya E., Schuettengruber B., Negre N., Lavrov S., Parshikov A., Juge F., Gracheva E., Georgiev P., Cavalli G. // Dev. Cell. 2006. V. 11. № 1. P. 117–124.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B190"><label>190.</label><mixed-citation>Comet I., Schuettengruber B., Sexton T., Cavalli G. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2011. V. 108. № 6. P. 2294–2299.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B191"><label>191.</label><mixed-citation>Savitskaya E., Melnikova L., Kostuchenko M., Kravchenko E., Pomerantseva E., Boikova T., Chetverina D., Parshikov A., Zobacheva P., Gracheva E., et al. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006. V. 26. № 3. P. 754–761.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B192"><label>192.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko E., Savitskaya E., Kravchuk O., Parshikov A, Georgiev P., Savitsky M. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005. V. 25. № 21. P. 9283–9291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kravchenko E., Savitskaya E., Kravchuk O., Parshikov A., Georgiev P., Savitsky M. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005. V. 25. № 21. P. 9283–9291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B193"><label>193.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Ivlieva T., Toshchakov S., Parshikov A., Maksimenko O., Georgiev P. // Nucl. Acids Res. 2011. V. 39. № 8. P. 3042–3052.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B194"><label>194.</label><mixed-citation>Fujioka M., Mistry H., Schedl P., Jaynes J.B. // PLoS Genet. 2016. V. 12(2). P. e1005889.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B195"><label>195.</label><mixed-citation>Chen H., Levo M., Barinov L., Fujioka M., Jaynes J.B., Gregor T. // Nat. Genet. 2018. V. 50. № 9. P. 1296–1303.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B196"><label>196.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Maksimenko O., Ibragimov A., Sokolov V., Postika N., Lukyanova M., Schedl P., Georgiev P. // Sci. Adv. 2020. V. 6. № 13. P. eaaz3152.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B197"><label>197.</label><mixed-citation>Kaye E.G., Kurbidaeva A., Wolle D., Aoki T., Schedl P., Larschan E. // Mol. Cell. Biol. 2017. V. 37. № 21. P. e00253-17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B198"><label>198.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Sabirov M., Mogila V., Kurbidaeva A., Postika N., Maksimenko O., Schedl P., Georgiev P. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2019. V. 116. № 27. P. 13462–13467.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B199"><label>199.</label><mixed-citation>Krivega M., Savitskaya E., Krivega I., Karakozova M., Parshikov A., Golovnin A., Georgiev P. // Chromosoma. 2010. V. 119. № 4. P. 425–434.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B200"><label>200.</label><mixed-citation>Sexton T., Cavalli G. // Cell. 2015. V. 160. № 6. P. 1049–1059.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B201"><label>201.</label><mixed-citation>Sexton T., Yaffe E., Kenigsberg E., Bantignies F., Leblanc B., Hoichman M., Parrinello H., Tanay A., Cavalli G. // Cell. 2012. V. 148. № 3. P. 458–472.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B202"><label>202.</label><mixed-citation>Hons M.T., Huis In ‘t Veld P.J., Kaesler J., Rombaut P., Schleiffer A., Herzog F., Stark H., Peters J.M. // Nat. Commun. 2016. V. 7. P. 12523.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B203"><label>203.</label><mixed-citation>Fudenberg G., Imakaev M., Lu C., Goloborodko A., Abdennur N., Mirny L.A. // Cell Rep. 2016. V. 15. № 9. P. 2038–2049.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B204"><label>204.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haarhuis J.H.I., van der Weide R.H., Blomen V.A., Yanez-Cuna J.O., Amendola M., van Ruiten M.S., Krijger P.H.L., Teunissen H., Medema R.H., van Steensel B., et al. // Cell. 2017. V. 169. № 4. P. 693–707. e14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haarhuis J.H.I., van der Weide R.H., Blomen V.A., Yanez-Cuna J.O., Amendola M., van Ruiten M.S., Krijger P.H.L., Teunissen H., Medema R.H., van Steensel B., et al. // Cell. 2017. V. 169. № 4. P. 693–707 e14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B205"><label>205.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanborn A.L., Rao S.S., Huang S.C., Durand N.C., Huntley M.H, Jewett A.I., Bochkov I. D., Chinnappan D., Cutkosky A., Li J., et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015. V. 112. № 47. P. E6456-6465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanborn A.L., Rao S.S., Huang S.C., Durand N.C., Huntley M.H, Jewett A.I., Bochkov I.D., Chinnappan D., Cutkosky A., Li J., et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015. V. 112. № 47. P. E6456–6465.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B206"><label>206.</label><mixed-citation>Schwarzer W., Abdennur N., Goloborodko A., Pekowska A., Fudenberg G., Loe-Mie Y., Fonseca N.A., Huber W., Haering C.H., Mirny L., et al. // Nature. 2017. V. 551. № 7678. P. 51–56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B207"><label>207.</label><mixed-citation>Wutz G., Varnai C., Nagasaka K., Cisneros D.A., Stocsits R.R., Tang W., Schoenfelder S., Jessberger G., Muhar M., Hossain M.J., et al. // EMBO J. 2017. V. 36. № 24. P. 3573–3599.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B208"><label>208.</label><mixed-citation>Nishiyama T. // Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 2019. V. 58. P. 8–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B209"><label>209.</label><mixed-citation>Rodriguez-Carballo E., Lopez-Delisle L., Zhan Y., Fabre P.J., Beccari L., El-Idrissi I., Huynh T.H.N., Ozadam H., Dekker J., Duboule D. // Genes Dev. 2017. V. 31. № 22. P. 2264–2281.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B210"><label>210.</label><mixed-citation>Narendra V., Bulajic M., Dekker J., Mazzoni E.O., Reinberg D. // Genes Dev. 2016. V. 30. № 24. P. 2657–2662.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B211"><label>211.</label><mixed-citation>Hug C.B., Grimaldi A.G., Kruse K., Vaquerizas J.M. // Cell. 2017. V. 169. № 2. P. 216–228 e19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B212"><label>212.</label><mixed-citation>Ramirez F., Bhardwaj V., Arrigoni L., Lam K.C., Gruning B.A., Villaveces J., Habermann B., Akhtar A., Manke T. // Nat. Commun. 2018. V. 9. № 1. P. 189.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B213"><label>213.</label><mixed-citation>Ulianov S.V., Khrameeva E.E., Gavrilov A.A., Flyamer I.M., Kos P., Mikhaleva E.A., Penin A.A., Logacheva M.D., Imakaev M.V., Chertovich A., et al. // Genome Res. 2016. V. 26. № 1. P. 70–84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B214"><label>214.</label><mixed-citation>Phillips-Cremins J.E., Corces V.G. // Mol. Cell. 2013. V. 50. № 4. P. 461–474.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B215"><label>215.</label><mixed-citation>Cattoni D.I., Cardozo Gizzi A.M., Georgieva M., Di Stefano M., Valeri A., Chamousset D., Houbron C., Dejardin S., Fiche J.B., Gonzalez I., et al. // Nat. Commun. 2017. V. 8. № 1. P. 1753.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B216"><label>216.</label><mixed-citation>Flyamer I.M., Gassler J., Imakaev M., Brandao H.B., Ulianov S.V., Abdennur N., Razin S.V., Mirny L.A., Tachibana-Konwalski K. // Nature. 2017. V. 544. № 7648. P. 110–114.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B217"><label>217.</label><mixed-citation>Mateo L.J., Murphy S.E., Hafner A., Cinquini I.S., Walker C.A., Boettiger A.N. // Nature. 2019. V. 568. № 7750. P. 49–54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B218"><label>218.</label><mixed-citation>Tan L., Xing D., Chang C.H., Li H., Xie X.S. // Science. 2018. V. 361. № 6405. P. 924–928.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B219"><label>219.</label><mixed-citation>Finn E.H., Pegoraro G., Brandao H.B., Valton A.L., Oomen M.E., Dekker J., Mirny L., Misteli T. // Cell. 2019. V. 176. № 6. P. 1502–1515 e10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B220"><label>220.</label><mixed-citation>Luppino J.M., Park D.S., Nguyen S.C., Lan Y., Xu Z., Yunker R., Joyce E.F. // Nat. Genet. 2020. V. 52. № 8. P. 840–848.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B221"><label>221.</label><mixed-citation>Hansen A.S., Pustova I., Cattoglio C., Tjian R., Darzacq X. // Elife. 2017. V. 6. P. e25776.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B222"><label>222.</label><mixed-citation>Maeda R.K., Karch F. // Chromosoma. 2015. V. 124. № 3. P. 293–307.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B223"><label>223.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Mogila V., Wolle D., Magbanua J.P., White R., Georgiev P., Schedl P. // Mech. Dev. 2015. V. 138. № 2. P. 122–132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B224"><label>224.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Wolle D., Sabirov M., Kurbidaeva A., Aoki T., Maksimenko O., Kyrchanova M., Georgiev P., Schedl P. // Genetics. 2019. V. 213. № 3. P. 865–876.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B225"><label>225.</label><mixed-citation>Postika N., Metzler M., Affolter M., Muller M., Schedl P., Georgiev P., Kyrchanova O. // PLoS Genet. 2018. V. 14. № 12. P. e1007702.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B226"><label>226.</label><mixed-citation>Kyrchanova O., Mogila V., Wolle D., Deshpande G., Parshikov A., Cleard F., Karch F., Schedl P., Georgiev P. // PLoS Genet. 2016. V. 12. № 7. P. e1006188.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B227"><label>227.</label><mixed-citation>Rao S.S.P., Huang S.C., Glenn St Hilaire B., Engreitz J.M., Perez E.M., Kieffer-Kwon K.R., Sanborn A.L., Johnstone S.E., Bascom G.D., Bochkov I.D., et al. // Cell. 2017. V. 171. № 2. P. 305–320 e24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B228"><label>228.</label><mixed-citation>Li M., Ma Z., Roy S., Patel S.K., Lane D.C., Duffy C.R., Cai H.N. // Sci. Rep. 2018. V. 8. № 1. P. 15158.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B229"><label>229.</label><mixed-citation>Yokoshi M., Segawa K., Fukaya T. // Mol. Cell. 2020. V. 78. № 2. P. 224–235 e5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B230"><label>230.</label><mixed-citation>Stadler M.R., Haines J.E., Eisen M.B. // Elife. 2017. V. 6. P. e29550.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B231"><label>231.</label><mixed-citation>Despang A., Schopflin R., Franke M., Ali S., Jerkovic I., Paliou C., Chan W.L., Timmermann B., Wittler L., Vingron M., et al. // Nat. Genet. 2019. V. 51. № 8. P. 1263–1271.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B232"><label>232.</label><mixed-citation>Ghavi-Helm Y., Jankowski A., Meiers S., Viales R.R., Korbel J.O., Furlong E.E.M. // Nat. Genet. 2019. V. 51. № 8. P. 1272–1282.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
