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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.11043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">DNA Methylation As an Epigenetic Mechanism in the Development of Multiple Sclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вовлечение эпигенетического механизма метилирования ДНК в развитие рассеянного склероза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-4113</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56606907700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">M-3758-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3749-8313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Kiselev.ivan.1991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602957367</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">S-1426-2019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olga.koulakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7102247663</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Z-2106-2018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Aleksey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>boykoan13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-6698</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35242139300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">U-7912-2017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Favorova</surname><given-names>Olga O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаворова</surname><given-names>Ольга Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olga_favorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-06"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-09"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kiselev I.S., Kulakova O.G., Boyko A.N., Favorova O.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Киселев И.С., Кулакова О.Г., Бойко А.Н., Фаворова О.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiselev I.S., Kulakova O.G., Boyko A.N., Favorova O.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киселев И.С., Кулакова О.Г., Бойко А.Н., Фаворова О.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11043">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/11043</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation are a group of the key cellular and molecular pathways that lead to inherited alterations in genes’ activity without changing their coding sequence. DNA methylation at the C5 position of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides is amongst the central epigenetic mechanisms. Currently, the number of studies that are devoted to the identification of methylation patterns specific to multiple sclerosis (MS), a severe chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, is on a rapid rise. However, the issue of the contribution of DNA methylation to the development of the different clinical phenotypes of this highly heterogeneous disease has only begun to attract the attention of researchers. This review summarizes the data on the molecular mechanisms underlying DNA methylation and the MS risk factors that can affect the DNA methylation profile and, thereby, modulate the expression of the genes involved in the disease’s pathogenesis. The focus of our attention is centered on the analysis of the published data on the differential methylation of DNA from various biological samples of MS patients obtained using both the candidate gene approach and high-throughput methods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Эпигенетические механизмы регуляции экспрессии генов – это группа ключевых молекулярных механизмов в клетке, которые вызывают изменения активности генов без изменений в их нуклеотидной последовательности, причем эти изменения могут наследоваться дочерними клетками. Один из основных эпигенетических механизмов – метилирование ДНК в положении С5 цитозинового основания в составе CpG-динуклеотидов. Стремительно растет число работ, посвященных поиску паттернов метилирования, специфичных для рассеянного склероза (РС) – тяжелого хронического заболевания центральной нервной системы аутоиммунной природы. При этом вопрос о вкладе метилирования ДНК в формирование различных клинических фенотипов этого высокогетерогенного заболевания только начал привлекать внимание исследователей. В обзоре рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе процесса метилирования ДНК. Описаны факторы риска РС, которые могут влиять на уровень метилирования ДНК и тем самым модулировать экспрессию генов, вовлеченных в патогенез заболевания. Основное внимание уделено анализу данных о дифференциальном метилировании ДНК из различного биологического материала больных РС, полученных с использованием кандидатного подхода и высокопроизводительных методов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ в рамках научного проекта</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFBR within the framework of a scientific project</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-115-50123</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19- 115-50123.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-115-50123.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dupont C., Armant D.R., Brenner C.A. // Semin. 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