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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10972</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.10972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Influence of an Elevated Production of Extracellular Enveloped Virions of the Vaccinia Virus on Its Properties in Infected Mice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние повышенной продукции внеклеточных вирионов вируса осповакцины на его свойства при инфицировании мышей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkunov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелкунов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubitskiy</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубицкий</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bauer</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бауэр</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulichev</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булычев</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurganova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрганова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odnoshevskiy</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одношевский</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyankov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пьянков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Shchelkunov S.N., Yakubitskiy S.N., Bauer T.V., Sergeev A.A., Kabanov A.S., Bulichev L.E., Yurganova I.A., Odnoshevskiy D.A., Kolosova I.V., Pyankov S.A., Taranov O.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Щелкунов С.Н., Якубицкий С.Н., Бауэр Т.В., Сергеев А.А., Кабанов А.С., Булычев Л.Е., Юрганова И.А., Одношевский Д.А., Колосова И.В., Пьянков С.А., Таранов О.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchelkunov S.N., Yakubitskiy S.N., Bauer T.V., Sergeev A.A., Kabanov A.S., Bulichev L.E., Yurganova I.A., Odnoshevskiy D.A., Kolosova I.V., Pyankov S.A., Taranov O.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щелкунов С.Н., Якубицкий С.Н., Бауэр Т.В., Сергеев А.А., Кабанов А.С., Булычев Л.Е., Юрганова И.А., Одношевский Д.А., Колосова И.В., Пьянков С.А., Таранов О.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10972">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10972</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The modern approach to developing attenuated smallpox vaccines usually consists in targeted inactivation of vaccinia virus (VACV) virulence genes. In this work, we studied how an elevated production of extracellular enveloped virions (EEVs) and the route of mouse infection can influence the virulence and immunogenicity of VACV. The research subject was the LIVP strain, which is used in Russia for smallpox vaccination. Two point mutations causing an elevated production of EEVs compared with the parental LIVP strain were inserted into the sequence of the VACV<italic> A34R</italic> gene. The created mutant LIVP-A34R strain showed lower neurovirulence in an intracerebral injection test and elevated antibody production in the intradermal injection method. This VACV variant can be a promising platform for developing an attenuated, highly immunogenic vaccine against smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. It can also be used as a vector for designing live-attenuated recombinant polyvalent vaccines against various infectious diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современный подход к созданию аттенуированных противооспенных вакцин обычно предполагает направленную инактивацию генов вирулентности вируса осповакцины (VACV). Нами изучено влияние увеличения продукции внеклеточных вирионов, покрытых оболочкой (EEV), на вирулентные и иммуногенные свойства VACV в зависимости от способа его введения в организм лабораторных мышей. Исследования проводили на штамме LIVP VACV, принятом в России для противооспенной вакцинации. В состав гена <italic>A34R</italic> VACV направленно ввели две точечные мутации, приводящие к статистически значимому повышению формирования EEV по сравнению с родительским штаммом LIVP. Мутантный штамм LIVP-A34R проявлял меньшую нейровирулентность и при внутрикожном введении индуцировал повышенную продукцию противовирусных антител. Такой вариант VACV может стать основой для получения аттенуированной и высокоиммуногенной вакцины против оспы и других ортопоксвирусных инфекций человека, а также использоваться в качестве вектора для конструирования живых рекомбинантных поливалентных вакцин против разных инфекционных заболеваний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smallpox</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оспа</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-14-00006</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-14-00006)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 19-14-00006)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fenner F., Henderson D.A., Arita I., Jezek Z., Ladnyi I.D. 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