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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10936</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.10936</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Stochastics of degradation: the autophagic-lysosomal system of the cell</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стохастика разрушения: аутофаголизосомная система клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudriaeva</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряева</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.kudriaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.kudriaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurov</surname><given-names>Alexey</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогуров</surname><given-names>Алексей</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.kudriaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Kudriaeva A., Sokolov A., Belogurov A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Кудряева А., Соколов А., Белогуров А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudriaeva A., Sokolov A., Belogurov A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудряева А., Соколов А., Белогуров А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10936">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10936</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autophagy is a conservative and evolutionarily ancient process that provides transfer of various cellular substances, organelles and potentially dangerous cellular components to the lysosome for their degradation. This process is crucial for the recycling of energy and substrates, which are required for the cellular biosynthesis. Autophagy plays a major role not only in the survival of cells under stress conditions, but also is actively involved in maintaining of cellular homeostasis. It has multiple effects on immune system and cellular remodeling during organism development. The effectiveness of autophagy is ensured by the tightly managed interaction of two organelles – autophagosomes and lysosomes. Despite significant progress in description of molecular mechanisms underlying in autophagolysosomal system (ALS) functioning, many fundamental questions are still open. Namely, specialized functions of lysosomes and role of ALS in pathogenesis of human diseases are still enigmatic. Knowledge about mechanisms of subsequent stages of autophagolysosomal degradation, from the initiation of autophagy to the terminal stage of substrate destruction in the lysosome, may generate new approaches in order to orchestrate ALS and therefore selectively control cellular proteostasis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аутофагия – консервативный эволюционно древний процесс, который обуславливает перемещение завершивших свою функцию, избыточных или потенциально опасных клеточных компонентов в лизосому для их последующей деградации. Этот процесс имеет важнейшее значение в рециркуляции энергии и субстратов, необходимых для клеточных процессов. Аутофагия играет одну из главных ролей не только в выживании клетки при стрессе, но также активно участвует в поддержании клеточного гомеостаза, влияет на иммунитет и занимает значительное место в клеточном ремоделировании в процессе развития организма. Эффективность аутофагии обеспечивается управляемым взаимодействием двух органелл – аутофагосомы и лизосомы. Несмотря на значительные успехи в описании молекулярных механизмов, опосредующих функционирование аутофаголизосомной системы (АЛС), достигнутые за последние два десятилетия ее активного изучения, множество фундаментальных вопросов все еще остаются открытыми: существуют ли лизосомы со специализированными функциями, какова роль АЛС в патогенезе заболеваний человека, таких, как нарушение метаболизма липидов, инфекции и старение. Понимание механизмов всех этапов аутофаголизосомной деградации – от инициации аутофагии до терминального этапа разрушения субстратов в лизосоме – позволит выработать новые подходы к направленному воздействию на АЛС и, как следствие, к контролю клеточного протеостаза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>lysosome</kwd><kwd>autolysosomal degradation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>лизосома</kwd><kwd>аутолизосомная деградация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>14-14-00585-П</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lilienbaum A. // Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2013. 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