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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10925</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/actanaturae.10925</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Promising molecular targets for pharmacological therapy of neurodegenerative pathologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективные молекулярные мишени для фармакологической коррекции нейродегенеративных патологий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-5920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neganova</surname><given-names>Margarita E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неганова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>neganova83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-3370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>Yulia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Юлия Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер</p></bio><email>yulia.aleks.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-9255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nebogatikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Небогатиков</surname><given-names>Владимир Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>vnebogatikov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-9183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkov</surname><given-names>Sergey</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочков</surname><given-names>Сергей Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, ВРИО директора</p></bio><email>klochkov@ipac.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-4797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustyugov</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устюгов</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, Лаборатория биологических испытаний ИФАВ РАН</p></bio><email>alexey@ipac.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологически активных веществ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Neganova M.E., Aleksandrova Y.R., Nebogatikov V.O., Klochkov S., Ustyugov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Неганова М.Е., Александрова Ю.Р., Небогатиков В.О., Клочков С.Г., Устюгов А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neganova M.E., Aleksandrova Y.R., Nebogatikov V.O., Klochkov S., Ustyugov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Неганова М.Е., Александрова Ю.Р., Небогатиков В.О., Клочков С.Г., Устюгов А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10925">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10925</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drug development for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has to confront numerous problems occurring, in particular, because of attempts to address only one of the causes of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Recent advances in multitarget therapy research are gaining momentum by utilizing pharmacophores that simultaneously affect different pathological pathways in the neurodegeneration process. The application of such a therapeutic strategy not only involves the treatment of symptoms, but also mainly addresses prevention of the fundamental pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and the reduction of cognitive abilities. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of the expression of histone deacetylases, and aggregation of pathogenic forms of proteins are among the most common and significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and highlight the main aspects, including reactive oxygen species, the cell endogenous antioxidant system, neuroinflammation triggers, metalloproteinases, α-synuclein, tau proteins, neuromelanin, histone deacetylases, presenilins, etc. The processes and molecular targets discussed in this review could serve as a starting point for screening leader compounds that could help prevent or slow down the development of neurodegenerative diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Создание лекарственных средств, эффективных при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, сопряжено со множеством проблем, возникающих, в частности, при попытках воздействовать лишь на одну из причин патогенеза нейропатологий. С каждым годом все большие обороты набирает мультитаргетная терапия, основной принцип которой заключается в использовании препаратов, одновременно воздействующих на разные патологические звенья процесса нейродегенерации. Применение такой терапевтической стратегии предполагает не просто воздействие на симптомы, но и предотвращение развития патологических процессов, приводящих к нейродегенеративным заболеваниям и снижению когнитивных способностей. Наиболее общими и значимыми процессами в развитии нейродегенеративных заболеваний являются нейровоспаление и окислительный стресс, нарушение функционирования митохондрий, дисрегуляция экспрессии гистондеацетилаз и агрегация патогенных форм белка. В данном обзоре мы попытались сконцентрироваться на молекулярных механизмах перечисленных процессов и выделить основные мишени в каждом из них: активные формы кислорода, компоненты эндогенной системы антиоксидантной защиты клетки, триггеры нейровоспаления, металлопротеазы, гистондеацетилазы, α-синуклеин, тау-белки, нейромеланин, пресенилины и др. Рассмотренные процессы и молекулярные мишени могут служить отправной точкой при отборе соединений-лидеров, нацеленных на предотвращение или замедление развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний.</p> <p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>histone deacetylases</kwd><kwd>proteinopathy</kwd><kwd>aggregation of pathogenic proteins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>гистондеацетилазы</kwd><kwd>протеинопатия</kwd><kwd>агрегация патогенных белков</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian science foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-73-10195</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State task</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>0090-2019-0006</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dementia. 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