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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-99-103</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Short communications</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Краткие сообщения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tear Fluid Catecholamines As Biomarkers of the Parkinson’s Disease: A Clinical and Experimental Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Катехоламины в слезной жидкости как маркеры болезни Паркинсона: клиническое и экспериментальное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexandrrkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nodel</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нодель</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexandrrkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexandrrkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesnokova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеснокова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexandrrkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakhno</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхно</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexandrrkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ugrumov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Угрюмов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexandrrkim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова, Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 11, NO4 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 11, №4 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Kim A.R., Nodel M.R., Pavlenko T.A., Chesnokova N.B., Yakhno N.N., Ugrumov M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Ким А.Р., Нодель М.Р., Павленко Т.А., Чеснокова Н.Б., Яхно Н.Н., Угрюмов М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kim A.R., Nodel M.R., Pavlenko T.A., Chesnokova N.B., Yakhno N.N., Ugrumov M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ким А.Р., Нодель М.Р., Павленко Т.А., Чеснокова Н.Б., Яхно Н.Н., Угрюмов М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10884">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10884</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An important approach to an early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is screening for peripheral biomarkers in patients at the early clinical stage. In this study, we evaluated catecholamine concentration changes in the tear fluid of untreated PD patients as biomarkers. Norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations in the tear fluid of patients were found to increase compared to those in age controls, which was especially pronounced on the side where motor symptoms appeared. On the contrary, the epinephrine concentration in the tear fluid of patients was reduced bilaterally. Since there was no reason to consider the markers found in the clinical stage of PD as markers of the preclinical stage, we additionally studied the tear fluid composition in mouse neurotoxic models of PD preclinical and clinical stages. The norepinephrine concentration in the tear fluid of mice from the clinical stage model was found to be higher than that in controls; in the preclinical stage model, the norepinephrine concentration had a tendency to increase. Therefore, both PD patients and mice from PD preclinical and clinical stage models manifest unidirectional changes in their tear fluid compositions, which may be considered as promising biomarkers for the development of early diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Важным подходом к ранней диагностике болезни Паркинсона (БП) считается обнаружение периферических биомаркеров на самой ранней стадии заболевания. Нами изучена возможность использования в качестве маркеров изменений концентрации катехоламинов в слезной жидкости больных с БП. Обнаружено, что концентрация норадреналина и дофамина у больных БП увеличена по сравнению с возрастным контролем, что более выражено на стороне появления двигательных симптомов. Напротив, концентрация адреналина в слезной жидкости больных снижена с обеих сторон. Поскольку нет оснований считать, что маркеры клинической стадии БП можно использовать и для диагностики доклинических стадий, изучен состав слезной жидкости у мышей при нейротоксическом моделировании доклинической и клинической стадий БП. Показано, что концентрация норадреналина в слезной жидкости мышей при моделировании клинической стадии БП выше, чем в контроле. На модели доклинической стадии обнаружена тенденция к увеличению концентрации норадреналина. Таким образом, у больных БП и у мышей на моделях доклинической и клинической стадий БП присутствуют однонаправленные изменения состава слезной жидкости, которые могут рассматриваться как перспективные биомаркеры для ранней диагностики этого заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>tear fluid</kwd><kwd>patients</kwd><kwd>experimental models</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>нелеченые больные</kwd><kwd>слезная жидкость</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные модели</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 18 “Innovative developments in biomedicine” (project No. 0088-2019-0013).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке программы Президиума РАН № 18 «Инновационные разработки в биомедицине» (проект № 0088-2019-0013).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ugrumov M.V. // Korsakov Neurology and Psychiatry Journal. 2015. 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