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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10871</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-65-72</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Heritable Tumors in Evolution of Development: a New Theory of Carcino-evo-devo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A P</given-names></name><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>contact@biomed.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 11, NO4 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 11, №4 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Kozlov A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Kozlov A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kozlov A.P.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10871">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10871</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The hypothesis of evolution by tumor neofunctionalization (the “main hypothesis”) describes the possible role of hereditary tumors in evolution. The present article examines the relationship of the main hypothesis to other biological theories. As shown in this paper, the main hypothesis does not contradict to the existing biological theories, but fills the lacunas between them and explains some unexplained (or not completely understood) questions. Common features of embryonic development and tumorigenesis are described by several recognized theories. Similarities between normal development and tumorigenesis suggest that tumors could participate in the evolution of ontogenesis and in the origin of new cell types, tissues and organs. A wide spectrum of non-trivial explanations and non-trivial predictions in different fields of biology, suggested by the main hypothesis, is an indication of its fundamental nature and the potential to become a new biological theory, a theory of the role of tumors in evolution of development, or carcino-evo-devo.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heritable tumors</kwd><kwd>embryonic development</kwd><kwd>evo-devo</kwd><kwd>carcino-evo-devo</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kozlov A.P. Evolution by Tumor Neofunctionalization. The role of tumors in the origin of new cell types, tissues and organs. 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