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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10865</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-4-12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Contribution of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Genes to an Association with Autoimmune Diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вклад генов главного комплекса гистосовместимости класса II в предрасположенность к аутоиммунным заболеваниям</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marusya3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyanina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белянина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marusya3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marusya3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="SH">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</country></address><email>marusya3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marusya3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 11, NO4 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 11, №4 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Zakharova M.Y., Belyanina T.A., Sokolov A.V., Kiselev I.S., Mamedov A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Захарова М.Ю., Белянина Т.А., Соколов А.В., Киселев И.С., Мамедов А.Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova M.Y., Belyanina T.A., Sokolov A.V., Kiselev I.S., Mamedov A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова М.Ю., Белянина Т.А., Соколов А.В., Киселев И.С., Мамедов А.Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10865">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10865</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Genetic studies of patients with autoimmune diseases have shown that one of the most important roles in the developing of these diseases is played by a cluster of genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), as compared with other genome areas. Information on the specific contribution of MHC alleles, mostly MHC class II ones, to the genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases is crucial for understanding their pathogenesis. This review dwells on the most relevant aspects of this problem: namely, the correlation between carriage of certain MHC II alleles and an increased (positively associated allele) or reduced (negatively associated allele) probability of developing the most common autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroiditis, etc. The most universal haplotypes, DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8, are positively associated with many of these diseases, while the universal allele HLA-DRB1*0701 is protective.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С использованием молекулярно-генетических методов показано, что одну из важнейших ролей в предрасположенности к аутоиммунным заболеваниям играет кластер генов главного комплекса гистосовместимости (MHC, major histocompatibility complex). Изучение вклада конкретных аллелей МНС, в большей степени MHC класса II, в предрасположенность к аутоиммунным нарушениям крайне важно для понимания патогенеза этих заболеваний. В обзоре рассмотрены наиболее значимые современные представления о взаимосвязи носительства определенных аллелей MHC II c повышенной (положительно ассоциированные аллели) и пониженной (отрицательно ассоциированные аллели) вероятностью развития наиболее распространенных аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких, как сахарный диабет типа 1, ревматоидный артрит, рассеянный склероз, системная красная волчанка, аутоиммунный тиреоидит и др. Наиболее универсальные гаплотипы DR3-DQ2 и DR4-DQ8 положительно ассоциированы со многими заболеваниями, тогда как универсальный аллель HLA-<italic>DRB1</italic>*0701 является протективным.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antigen presentation</kwd><kwd>autoimmune diseases</kwd><kwd>human leukocyte antigen</kwd><kwd>major histocompatibility complex</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>type 1 diabetes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоиммунные заболевания</kwd><kwd>главный комплекс гистосовместимости</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарный антиген человека</kwd><kwd>презентация антигена</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет типа 1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 17-74-30019) and the U.S. National Institutes of Health/Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant No. 17-54-30025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом РНФ № 17-74-30019 и грантом NIH-РФФИ №17-54-30025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Campbell R.D., Trowsdale J. // Immunol. 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