Acta NaturaeActa Naturae2075-8251Acta Naturae Ltd1077310.32607/20758251-2009-1-3-70-80Research ArticleGenome Paths A Way to Personalized and Predictive MedicineBaranovV Sbaranov@vb2475.spb.eduOtt’s Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences1512200913708017012020Copyright © 2009, Baranov V.S.2009genomicsgenetic testingmultifactorial diseasesgenetic passportgenome wide association studiesIntrod uction The revolutionary achievements in human genetics such as full genome seguencing, the successful completion of the HapMap program (haploid genome), the rapid development of bioinformatics and nanotechnology, advances in the delelopment of efficient methods for genome analysis are signs of a new era: the era of genomics. The 21st century could well be remembered as the century of genetics [1, 2]. Impressive progress in comparative and functional genomics has assured the widespread introduction of this branch in medicine. Thus, it has led to the emergence and rapid development of medical genomics in which such problems of classical medicine as diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are solved at the level of nucleic acids and the products of their expression: RN A and proteins [3, 4, 5]. The preventive direction in molecular medicine gave rise to predictive medicine (PM). Its main features appear to be its individual (the genome of every human individual) and preventive character (analyses of the genome are possible at any stage of ontogeny, long before the onset of a particular disease). The main principles of predictive medicine and genetic testing (GT) as a methodological basis for PM, as well as the concept of a “genetic passport,” were formulated by us in 2000 [5, 6, 37]. 1. Pol ymorphism of genes as the basis of predictive medicine The genomes of all people, except for identical twins, are different. 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