<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10756</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2010-2-1-60-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological Basis for Rational Phage Therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ecological Basis for Rational Phage Therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Letarov</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Golomidova</surname><given-names>A K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tarasyan</surname><given-names>K K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2010-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 2, NO1 (2010)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 2, №1 (2010)</issue-title><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2010, Letarov A.V., Golomidova A.K., Tarasyan K.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2010, Letarov A.V., Golomidova A.K., Tarasyan K.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Letarov A.V., Golomidova A.K., Tarasyan K.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Letarov A.V., Golomidova A.K., Tarasyan K.K.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10756">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10756</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p/></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Understanding the mutual interactions of bacterial and phage populations in the environment of a human or animal body is essential in any attempt to influence these complex processes, particularly for rational phage therapy. Current knowledge on the impact of naturally occurring bacteriophages on the populations of their host bacteria, and their role in the homeostasis maintenance of a macro host, is still sketchy. The existing data suggest that different mechanisms stabilize phage-bacteria coexistence in different animal species or different body sites. The defining set of parameters governing phage infection includes specific physical, chemical, and biological conditions, such as pH, nutrient densities, host prevalence, relation to mucosa and other surfaces, the presence of phage inhibiting substances, etc. Phage therapy is also an ecological process that always implies three components that form a complex pattern of interactions: populations of the pathogen, the bacteriophages used as antibacterial agents, and the macroorganism. We present a review of contemporary data on natural bacteriophages occuring in human- and animal-body associated microbial communities, and analyze ecological and physiological considerations that determine the success of phage therapy in mammals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd><kwd>phage therapy</kwd><kwd>human body microbiota</kwd><kwd>animal body microbiota</kwd><kwd>bacteriophage ecology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>d’Herelle F. (1921) La bactériophage. Son rôle dans l'immunité. Paris. Cited after Russian edition (1926). Moscow - Leningrad : State Editor.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Sulakvelidze A., Kutter E. (2005) Bacteriophage therapy in humans. In: Bacteriophages: biology and applications. Eds. Kutter E. and Sulakvelidze,A. P. 381—436. Boca Raton: CRC Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Hawkey P.M., Jones A.M. //. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009. Sep; 64 Suppl 1:i3-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Livermore D.M. // J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Sep; 64 Suppl 1:i29-36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Gorski A., Miedzybrodzki R., Borysowski J., et al..//Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2009.10. P. 766-774.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>O’Flaherty S., Ross R.P., Coffey A. // FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2009.33, 801.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Sulakvelidze A. and Barrow P. Phage therapy in animals and agribusiness. In: Bacteriophages: biology and applications. Eds. Kutter E. and Sulakvelidze A. 2005. P. 335-380. Boca Raton: CRC Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ackermann H.W. 5500 // Arch. Virol. 2007.152. P. 227-243.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Calendar R. ed. The bacteriophages. 2nd edition, Oxford university press, New York. 2006.746P.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Weinbauer M. // FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004. 28: P. 127-181.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Bamford D. // Res. in Microbiol. 2003. 154. P. 231-236.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Domoradskii I. V., Hohoyev T.H., Kondrakova О.А. et al. // Rossiyskiy Himicheskiy Zhurnal. 2002. 46. p. 80-89.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Letarov A., Kulikov E. //. J. Appl. Microbiol 2009. 107. С. 1-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Tarakanov B.V. Bacteriophagy phenomenon in ruminary animals. М.: Nauchniy Mir. 2006. p184.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kulikov E.E., Isaeva A.S., Rotkina A.S., Manykin A.A., Letarov A.V. // Mikrobiologiia. 2007. 76. P. 271-278.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Tarakanov B.V. // Mikrobiologiia. 1971. 40. P. 544-550.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Tarakanov B.V. // Mikrobiologiia. 1971. 1971. 41. С. 862-870.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Alexander F., Davies M. E., Muir A. R. // Res Vet Sci 1970.11. P. 592-593.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Breitbart M., I. Hewson B., Felts J., et al. // J. Bacteriol. 2003. 185. P. 6220-6223.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Cann J. A., Fandrich S. E., Heaphy S. // Virus genes 2005. 30. P. 151-156.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Flewett T.H., Bryden A.S., Davies H. // J. Clin. Path. 1974. 27. P. 603-614.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Hoogenraad N.J., Hird F.J.R. // Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 1970. 23. P. 793-808.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Hoogenraad N.J., Hird F.J.R., Holmes I., Millis F. // J. Gen. Virol. 1967. 1. P. 575-576, 942-943.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Lepage P., Colombet J., Marteau P. et al. // Gut 57. 2008. P. 424-425.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Paynter M.J.B., Ewert D.L., Chalupa W. (1969) // Applied Microbiol 1969. 18. P. 942-943.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Ritchie A.E., Robinson I.M., Allison M.J. Rumen bacteriophage: survey of morphological types. In: Microscopie electronique, ed. Favard P. 1970. Vol. 3. P. 333-334. Paris: Societe Francaise de Microscopie electronique (cited by Tarakanov, 2006).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang T., Breitbart M., Heng Lee W. et al. // PLoS Biol 2006. 4(1): e3C3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Brouns S.J., Jore M.M., Lundgren M. et al // Science. 321. 2008. P. 960-964.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Hitch G., Pratten J., Taylor P.W. // Lett in Applied Microbiol 2004. 39. P. 215-219.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Comeau A.M., Buenaventura E., Suttle C.A. // Appl. Env. Microbiol 2005. 71. P. 5324-5331.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Klieve A.V. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1991. 57. P. 3660-3663.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Calci K.R., Burkhardt III W., Watkins W.D., Scott. R.R. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1998. 64. P. 5027-5029.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Cole D., Long S.C., Sobsey M. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003. 69. P. 6507-6514.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Cornax R., Morinigo M.A., Gonzalez-Jaen F., Alonso M.C., Borrego J.J. // Zentralbl Bakteriol 1994. 281. P. 214-224.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Dhillon T.S., Dhillon E.K., Chau H.C., Li W.K., Tsang, A.H. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1976. 32. P. 68-74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Furuse K., Osawa J., Kawashiro R. et al (1983) // J. Gen. Virol. 1983. 64. P. 2039-2043.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Gantzer C., Henny J., Schwartzbrod L. // Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 2002. 205. P. 325-328.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Grabow W.O.K., T.E. Neubrech C.S. Holrzhausen and Jofre. J. // Water Science and Technology. 1995. 31. P. 223-230.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Havelaar A.H., Furuse K., Hogeboom W.M. // J. Appl. Bacteriol 1986. 60. P. 55-262.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Lusiak-Szelachowska M., Weber-Dabrowska B., Gorski A. // Pol. Merkur. Lekarski. 2006. 124. P. 381-383.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Muniesa M., Moce-Llivina L., Katayama H., Jofre J. // Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2003. 83. P. 305-315.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Schaper M., Jofre J., Uys M., Grabow W. O. K. // J. Appl. Microbiol 2002. 92. P. 657-667.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Schmid E. N., von Recklinghausen G., Ansorg. R. // J. Med. Microbiol 1990. 32. P. 101-104.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Klieve A.V., Swain R.A. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 59. P. 2299-2303.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Swain R.A., Nolan J.V., Klieve A.V. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1996. 62. P. 994-997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Furuse K., Sakurai T., Hirashima A., Katsuki M., Ando A., Watanbee I. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1978. 35. P. 995-1002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Chibani-Chenoufi S., Sidoti J., Bruttin A. et al. // J. Bacteriol. 2004. 186. P. 8287-8294.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Ricca D.M., Cooney J.J. // J. Indust. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2000. 24. P. 124-126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Golomidova A., Kulikov E., Isaeva A., Manykin A., Letarov A. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007. 73. Р. 5975-5981.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Hintz H.F., Cymbaluk N.F. // Annu Rev. Nutr. 1994. 14. Р. 243-267.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Yoshida T., Ellner S.P., Jones L.E. et al. // PloS. Biol. 2007. 5. P. 1868-1879.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Stephen A. M., Cummings J. H. // J. Med. Microbiol 1980. 13. Р. 45-56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Iverson W. G., Mills N. F. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1977. 33. P. 810-813.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Wiggins B.A., Alexander M. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 1985. 48. Р. 19-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Brokhurst M.A., Bukcling A., Rainey P.B. // Proc. R Soc. 2005. B 272. Р. 1385-1391.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Holmfeldt K., Middelboe M., Nybroe O., Riemann L. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007. 73. P. 6730-6739.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Poullain V., Gandon S., Brokhurst M.A., Buckling A., Hochberg M.E. // Evolution. 2008. 62(1). 1-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Weitz J.S., Hatman H., Levin S.A. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2005. 102. P. 9535-9540.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Hoskisson P., Smith M.C.M. // Curr. Opin. Microbiol 2007. 10. Р. 396-400.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Pal C., Macia M., Oliver A., Schachar I., Buckling A. // Nature. 2009. 450. Р. 1079-1081.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Sundin G.W., Weingard M.R. // FEMS Microbiol. Let. 2007. 277. Р. 11-20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>LeClerc J.E., Li B., Payne W.L., Cebula T.A. // Science. 1996. 274. Р. 1208-1211.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Milinovich G.J., Trott D.J., Burrell PC. et al. // Environ. Microbiol 2006. 8. Р. 885-898.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Atterbury R. J., Dillon E., Swift C., et al. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol 2005. 71. Р. 4885-4887.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Scott A.E., Timms A.R., Connerton P.L., El-Shibiny A., Connerton I.F. // Environ. Microbiol. 9. Р. 2341-2353.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Scott A.E., Timms A.R., Connerton P.L. et al. // Plos. Biology. 2007. 3. Р. 114.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Brussow H. // Microbiology. 2005. 151. Р. 2133-2140.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Chibani-Chenoufi S., Sidoti J., Bruttin A. et al. // Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy. 2004. 48. P. 2558-2569.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Kasman L. // Virology. 2. Р. 34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Gabig M., Herman-Antosiewicz A., Kwiatkowska M. et al. // Microbiology. 2002. 148. P. 1533-1542.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Araujo R., Muniesa M., Méndez J. et al. // J. Virol Meth. 2001. 93. Р. 127-136.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Poulsen L.K., Licht T.R., Rang C., Krogfelt K.A., Molin. S. // J. Bacteriol 1995. 177:5840-5845.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Krogfelt K.A., Poulsen L.K., Molin S. // Infect. Immun. 1993. 61. Р. 5029-5034.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Stryiak I., Kmet V., Spanova A. // Microbiologica. 1989. 12. P. 317-322.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Swain R.A., Nolan J.V., Klieve A.V. // Microbiology Australia. 1996. 17. A87(GWP27).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Wells J.E., Russel J.B. // J. Dairy Sci. 1996. 79. Р. 1487-1495.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Antonio M.A.D., Hawes S.E., Hillier S.L. // The J. Inf. Diseases. 1999. 180. Р. 1950-1956.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Antonio M.A.D., Hillier S.L. // J. Clin. Microbiol 2003. 41. Р. 1881-1887.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Kiliç A.O., Pavlova S. I., Alpay S., Kiliç S.S., Tao L. (2001) // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol 2001. 8. P. 31-39.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Martin R., Soberyn N., Escobedo S., Suarez J. // Int. Microbiol. 2009. 12. Р. 131-136.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Blackwell A.L. // Sex Transm. Infect. 1999. 75. Р. 352-353.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>Fethers K.A., Fairley C.K., Hocking J.S., Gurrin L.C., Bradshaw C.S. // Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008. 47. Р. 1426-1435.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>Brown S.P., Le Chat L., De Paepe M., Taddei F. // Curr. Biol 2006. 16. Р. 2048-2052.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Kihara A., Akiyama Y., Ito K. (2001) // J. Biol.Chem. 2001. 276. P. 13695-13700.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>Riipinen K.A., Raisanen L., Alatossava T. // J. Appl. Microbiol 2007. 103. Р. 2465-2475.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>Pavlova S.I., Tao L. // Mutat. Res. 2000. 466. P. 57-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>Tock M.R., Dryden D.T. // Curr. Opin. Microbiol 2005. 8. Р. 466-472.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>Durmaz E., Klaenhammer T.R. // J Bacteriol 2007. 189. Р. 1417-1425.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>Fineran P.C., Blower T.R., Foulds I.J. et al // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 2009.106. P. 894-899.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>Sorek R., Kunin V., Hugenholtz P. // Nat. Rev. Microbiol 2008. 6. P. 181-186.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>Hale C.R., Zhao P., Olson S. et al. // Cell. 2009. 139. P. 945-956.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>Wiedenheft B., Zhou K., Jinek M., Coyle S.M., Ma W., Doudna J.A. // Structure. 2009. 17. P. 904-912.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>Bystricky V., Drahos V., Mulczyck M., Przondo-Hessek A., Slopeck S. // Acta Virol. 1964. 176. Р. 369-372.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>Dennehy J.J., Friedenberg N.A., Yang Y.W., Turner P.E. // Ecol.Lett. 2007. 10. P. 230-240.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>Fraser J.S., Maxwell K.L., Davidson A.R. // Curr. Opin. Microbiol 2007. 10. Р. 382-387.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>Letarov A., Manival X., Desplats C., Krisch H.M. // J. Bacteriol. 2005. 187. Р. 1055-1066.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>Gallet R., Shao Y., Wang I. // BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2009. 9:241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>Dhillon E.K.S., Dhillon T.S., Lam Y.Y., Tsang A.H.C. // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1980. 39. P. 1046-1053.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>Miller R.V., Day M. Contribution of lysogeny, pseudolysogeny, and starvation to phage ecology. In S. T. Abedon (ed): Bacteriophage Ecology. Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge. 2008. P. 114-143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B100"><label>100.</label><mixed-citation>Dabrowska K., Switala-Jelen K., Opolski A., Weber-Dabrowska B., Gorski A. // J. Applied Microbiol. 2005. 98. Р. 7-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B101"><label>101.</label><mixed-citation>Gorski A., Wazna E., Weber-Dabrowska B., Dabrowska K., Switala-Jelen K., Miedzybrodzki R. // FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol 2006. 46. P. 313-319.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B102"><label>102.</label><mixed-citation>Olivera A., Sereno R., Nicolau A., Azeredo J. // Poultry Sci. 2009. 88. P. 728-733.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B103"><label>103.</label><mixed-citation>Bogovazova G.G., Voroshilova N.N., Bondarenko V.M. // Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii. 1991. № 4. P. 5-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B104"><label>104.</label><mixed-citation>Perepanova T.S., Darbeeva O.S., Kotliarova G.A., et al. // Urologia I nephrologia. № 5. P. 14-17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B105"><label>105.</label><mixed-citation>Subbotin A.V., Funker M.G., Urman E.S. et al. // Use of a sextaphage in complex antibacterial treatment of induced pancreonecrosis. Zdorovye i obrazovanie: Materiali mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii. Perm, 2006. P. 191-197.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B106"><label>106.</label><mixed-citation>Tokarev M.V., Davidov M.I., Funker E.V. // Treatment of acute pyelonephritis using bacteriophages. // Aktualinie voprosi klinicheskoy medicini. Sbornik nauchnih trudov, posviaschenniy 130-letiu Permskoy GKB #6. Perm. 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B107"><label>107.</label><mixed-citation>Constantini T.V., Putnam J.G., Sawada R. et al. // Surgery. 2009. 146. P. 206-212.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B108"><label>108.</label><mixed-citation>Duerr D.M., White S.J., Shluesener H.J. // J. Virol. Methods. 2004. 116. P. 177-180.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B109"><label>109.</label><mixed-citation>Higgins L.M., Lambkin I., Donnelly G. et al. // Pharm. Res. 2004. 21. P. 695-705.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B110"><label>110.</label><mixed-citation>Kang S.K., Woo J.H., Kim M.K., Woo S.S., Choi J.H., Lee N.K., Choi Y. J. // J. Biotechnol 2009. 135. Р. 210-216.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B111"><label>111.</label><mixed-citation>Hamzeh-Mivehroud M., Mahmoudpour A., Rezazadeh H., Dastmalchi S. // Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2008. 70. P. 577-581.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B112"><label>112.</label><mixed-citation>Uchiyama J., Maeda Y., Takemura I. et al. // Microbiol. Immunol 2009. 53. P. 301-304.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B113"><label>113.</label><mixed-citation>Dubos R., Straus J.H., Pierce C. // J. Exp. Med. 1943. 20. Р. 161-168.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B114"><label>114.</label><mixed-citation>Raynaud A., Cloastre L., Bernard J. et al. // Vet. Microbiol 1992. 30. P. 203-212.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B115"><label>115.</label><mixed-citation>Inchley C.J. // Clin. Exp. Immunol 1969. 5. P. 173-187.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B116"><label>116.</label><mixed-citation>Appelmans R. Le bacteriophage dans l’organisme. Compt. Rend. Soc. de Biol 1921. 85. P. 722-724.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B117"><label>117.</label><mixed-citation>Vitiello C.L., Merril C. R., Adhya S. // Virus. Res. 2005. 114. P. 101-103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B118"><label>118.</label><mixed-citation>Capparelli R., Parlato M., Borrielo G., Salvatore P., Iannelli D. // Antimicrobiol. Agents Chemother. 2007. 51. Р. 2765-2773.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B119"><label>119.</label><mixed-citation>Capparelli R., Ventimiglia S., Roperto S., Fenizia D., Iannelli D. // Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12. P. 248-253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B120"><label>120.</label><mixed-citation>Kucharewicz-Krukowska A., Slopeck S. // Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz) 1987. 35. P. 553-561.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B121"><label>121.</label><mixed-citation>Adams M. Bacteriophages. М.: Izdatelstvo inostrannoy literaturi. 1961. Р. 527.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B122"><label>122.</label><mixed-citation>Miedzybrodzki R., Switala-Jelen K., Fortuna W. et al. // Virus. Res. 2008. 131. Р. 233-242.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B123"><label>123.</label><mixed-citation>Pajtasz-Piasecka E., Rossowska J., Dus D., Weber-Dabrowska B. et al. (2008) // Immunol. Let. 2008. 116. P. 24-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B124"><label>124.</label><mixed-citation>Przerwa A., Zimecki M., Switala-Jelen K. et al. // Med. Microbiol. Immunol 2006. 195. Р. 143-150.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B125"><label>125.</label><mixed-citation>Dabrowska K., Zembala M., Boratynski J. et al. // Arch. Microbiol 2007. 187. Р. 489-98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B126"><label>126.</label><mixed-citation>Rasmussen M., Jacobson M., Bjork L. // The J. Biol. Chem. 2003. 278. P. 32313-32316.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B127"><label>127.</label><mixed-citation>Cairns B., Timms A.R., Jansen V.A.A., Connerton I.F., Payne R.J.H. // PLoS Pathog. 2009. 5(1): e1000253. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B128"><label>128.</label><mixed-citation>Vinga I., Sao-Jose C., Tavares P., Santos M. Bacteriophage entry in the host cell. In Modern bacteriophage biology and biotechnology. Wegrzyn G. ed. Research signpost, Kerala, India. 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B129"><label>129.</label><mixed-citation>Kasman L., Kasman A., Westwater C., Dolan J., Schmidt M.G., Norris J.S. // J. Virol. 2002. 76. Р. 5557-5564.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B130"><label>130.</label><mixed-citation>Macfarlane S., Dillon J.F. // J. Appl. Microbiol 2007. 102. P. 1187-1196.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B131"><label>131.</label><mixed-citation>Anderson G.G., O’Toole G.A. // Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.2008. 322. Р. 85-105.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B132"><label>132.</label><mixed-citation>Azeredo J., Sutherland I.W. // Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol 2008. 9. Р. 261-266.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B133"><label>133.</label><mixed-citation>Cerca N., Olivera R., Azeredo J. // Lett. Appl. Microbiol 2007. 45. Р. 313-317.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B134"><label>134.</label><mixed-citation>Lu T.K., Collins J.J. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007. 104. Р. 11197-11202.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B135"><label>135.</label><mixed-citation>Pearl S., Gabay C., Kishony R., Oppenheim A., Balaban N. // PLoS Biol. 2008. 6(5): e120. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. 0060120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B136"><label>136.</label><mixed-citation>Lewis K. // Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol 2008. 322. Р. 107-131.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B137"><label>137.</label><mixed-citation>Jikia D., Chkhaidze N., Imedashvili E. et al. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2005. 30. Р. 23-26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B138"><label>138.</label><mixed-citation>Bohannan B.J.M., Lenski R.E. // Ecology Lett. 3. P. 362-377.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B139"><label>139.</label><mixed-citation>Fischetti V.A. // Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2008. 11. P. 393-400.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B140"><label>140.</label><mixed-citation>Smith H.W., Huggins M.B. // J. Gen. Microbiol. 1983. 133. Р. 1111-1126.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
