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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10736</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2010-2-2-36-58</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">New Trends in Nucleoside Biotechnology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>New Trends in Nucleoside Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mikhailopulo</surname><given-names>I A</given-names></name><email>igor_mikhailo@yahoo.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>A I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2010-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 2, NO2 (2010)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 2, №2 (2010)</issue-title><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2010, Mikhailopulo I.A., Miroshnikov A.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2010, Mikhailopulo I.A., Miroshnikov A.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailopulo I.A., Miroshnikov A.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Mikhailopulo I.A., Miroshnikov A.I.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10736">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10736</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p/></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>This review focuses on new trends in nucleoside biotechnology, which have emerged during the last decade. Continuously growing interest in the study of this class of compounds is fueled by a number of factors: (i) a growing need for large-scale production of natural 2'-deoxy-β-D-ribonucleosides as well as their analogs with modifications in the carbohydrate and base fragments, which can then be used for the synthesis and study of oligonucleotides, including short-interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), etc.; (ii) a necessity for the development of efficient practical technologies for the production of biologically important analogs of natural nucleosides, including a number of anticancer and antiviral drugs; (iii) a need for further study of known and novel enzymatic transformations and their use as tools for the efficient synthesis of new nucloside analogs and derivates with biomedical potential. This article will review all of these aspects and also include a brief retrospect of this field of research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nucleosides</kwd><kwd>nucleic acid metabolism enzymes</kwd><kwd>chemoenzymaticsynthesis</kwd><kwd>bio-mimetic synthesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Levene P.A., Tipson R.S. // J. Biol. Chem. 1935. V. 111 (2). P. 313-323.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Levene P.A., Mandel H. // Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 1908. V. 41 (2). P. 1905-1909.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Levene P.A., Jacobs W.A. // Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 1909. V. 42 (2). P. 2469-2473.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Levene P.A., Jacobs W.A. // Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 1909. V. 42 (2). 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