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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10646</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2012-4-3-95-114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gene Expression upon Proliferation and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Cells with PH Chromosome ex vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессия генов при пролиферации и дифференцировке гемопоэтических клеток с Ph-хромосомой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Duchovenskay</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Духовенская</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhlynina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахлынина</surname><given-names>T. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manakova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манакова</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>T. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schmarov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаров</surname><given-names>Д. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarycheva</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарычева</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naydenova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найденова</surname><given-names>Н. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrichkova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавричкова</surname><given-names>A. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>L. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosheynova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колошейнова</surname><given-names>T. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nigrin27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center for Hematology, Russian Ministry of Health and Social Development</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гематологический научный центр Минздравсоцразвития Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO3 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №3 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Grineva N.I., Duchovenskay E.A., Timofeev A.M., Akhlynina T.V., Gerasimova L.P., Manakova T.E., Borovkova T.V., Schmarov D.A., Sarycheva N.G., Naydenova N.M., Gavrichkova A.R., Kolosova L.Y., Kolosheynova T.I., Kovaleva L.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Гринева Н.И., Духовенская E.A., Тимофеев A.M., Ахлынина T.В., Герасимова Л.П., Манакова T.E., Боровкова T.В., Шмаров Д.A., Сарычева Н.Г., Найденова Н.M., Гавричкова A.Р., Колосова Л.Ю., Колошейнова T.И., Ковалева Л.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grineva N.I., Duchovenskay E.A., Timofeev A.M., Akhlynina T.V., Gerasimova L.P., Manakova T.E., Borovkova T.V., Schmarov D.A., Sarycheva N.G., Naydenova N.M., Gavrichkova A.R., Kolosova L.Y., Kolosheynova T.I., Kovaleva L.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гринева Н.И., Духовенская E.A., Тимофеев A.M., Ахлынина T.В., Герасимова Л.П., Манакова T.E., Боровкова T.В., Шмаров Д.A., Сарычева Н.Г., Найденова Н.M., Гавричкова A.Р., Колосова Л.Ю., Колошейнова T.И., Ковалева Л.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10646">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10646</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The genes p53, mdm2, p21, c-myc, bcr/abl, bcr, bcl2, bax, and gapdh participate in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and cell distribution for the cell cycle ex vivo in the Ph +cells of chronic myeloid leukemia containing the Ph chromosome and bcr/abl oncogene. Expression of these genes correlates with regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by alternating proliferation and maturation stages for three main Ph +cell types that occur under chronic myeloid leukemia. The p53, p21, mdm2, and gapdh genes overexpress in active proliferating myeloid cells in the cell cycle S+G2/M phases and when the phases are coincident with the proliferation stage. Expression of these genes decreases to a considerable level under alternation of the Ph +cell proliferation and maturation stages and whenever the expression is greatly diminished under significant neutrophil accumulation and especially under repeated alternation of the stages. In the course of neutrophil maturation, gene expression levels decrease in the range of gapdh &gt; actin &gt; c-myc, bcr/abl,p21 &gt; p53 &gt; bcl2 &gt; bax. The expression levels of these genes in neutrophils are lower than those in myelocytes and lower by an order of magnitude than that in the cells with a prolonged proliferation stage. The Bcr/abl expression gene under prolonged maturation and neutrophil accumulation is inhibited; however it is enhanced by 2-3 times for the proliferation stage with myelocyte accumulation. Minimal bcr/abl expression is observed under overexpression of p53, mdm2, p21, c-myc, as well as under cell maximum at the S and G2/M phases. Bcr/abl overexpression is observed under low expression of the p53, p21, mdm2 genes. In the Ph + cells with a high P/D efficiency index (5-20), overexpression of the genes in the range of bcr&gt; gapdh&gt;bcr/abl, as well as a decreased expression of the p53, bcl2, mdm2, p21&lt;&lt; gapdh genes is observed for Ph + cells from the CML blast crisis and CML acceleration phase. Low control of cell proliferation and cell cycle by gene-regulators presumably promotes bcr/abl overexpression and activates the production of bcr/abl + cells. Apoptosis in the Ph + cells is induced by expression of the bax &gt; bcl2, p53, p21, c-myc and gapdh genes. The blocking of Ph + cell apoptosis, neutrophil accumulation, and decrease in the expression of the p53, mdm2 and p21, c-myc, bcr/abl genes occur at the maturation stage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гены p53, mdm2 и p21, c-myc, bcr/abl, bcr, bcl2, bax, gapdh вовлечены в регуляцию пролиферации, дифференцировки, апоптоза и клеточного цикла ex vivo клеток хронического миелолейкоза, содержащих Ph-хромосому и онкоген bcr/abl. Экспрессия этих генов коррелирует с регуляцией чередованием этапов пролиферации и дифференцировки Ph+-клеток трех основных типов, встречающихся при хроническом миелолейкозе. Гены p53, p21, mdm2 и gapdh сверхэкспрессируются в активно пролиферирующих миелоидных клетках в фазах S и G2/M клеточного цикла и при совпадении этих фаз с этапом пролиферации.Экспрессия этих генов заметно снижается при чередовании пролиферации и созревания, а также на этапах созревания со значительным накоплением нейтрофилов, особенно при многократных чередованиях этапов. В ходе созревания нейтрофилов уровни экспрессии генов падают в ряду gapdh &gt; actin &gt; c-myc, bcr/abl, p21 &gt; p53 &gt; bcl2 &gt; bax. Уровни экспрессии этих генов в нейтрофилах ниже, чем в миелоцитах, и на порядок ниже, чем в клетках с длительным этапом пролиферации. Экспрессия онкогена bcr/abl при длительном созревании и накоплении нейтрофилов ингибируется, а на этапе пролиферации с накоплением миелоцитов возрастает в 2–3 раза. Минимальная экспрессия bcr/abl наблюдается при сверхэкспрессии p53, mdm2, p21, c-myc и максимуме клеток в S- и G2/M-фазах. Сверхэкспрессия bcr/abl отмечена при низкой экспрессии генов p53, p21, mdm2. В Ph+-клетках при бластном кризе и в фазе акселерации хронического миелолейкоза с высокими индексами эффективности (P/D = 5–20) наблюдается сверхэкспрессия генов в ряду bcr &gt; gapdh &gt; bcr/abl и снижение экспрессии р53, bcl2, mdm2, р21&lt;&lt; gapdh. Низкий контроль пролиферации и клеточного цикла генами-регуляторами способствует, очевидно, сверхэкспрессии гена bcr/abl и активному образованию bcr/abl+-клеток. Апоптоз в Ph+-клетках индуцируется при экспрессии генов bax &gt; bcl2, р53, p21, c-myc и gapdh. На этапе созревания ингибируется апоптоз, накапливаются нейтрофилы и уменьшается экспрессия генов p53, mdm2 и p21, c-myc, bcr/abl.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation</kwd><kwd>cells containing Ph chromosome</kwd><kwd>chronic myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>RT-PCR</kwd><kwd>cell cycle</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>регуляция пролиферации и дифференцировки</kwd><kwd>клетки</kwd><kwd>содержащие Ph-хромосому</kwd><kwd>хронический миелолейкоз</kwd><kwd>ОТ-ПЦР</kwd><kwd>клеточный цикл</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 06-04-08372-ofi).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана Российским фондом фундаментальных исследований (грант № 06-04-08372-офи).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Grineva N.I., Akhlynina T.V., Gerasimova L.P., Manakova T.E., Sarycheva N.G., Schmarov D.A., Tumofeev A.M., Nydenova N.M., Kolosova LY, Kolosheynova T.I. et al. // Acta Naturae. 2009. № 3. 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