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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10634</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2012-4-1-53-69</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Genetic Diversity and Structure of Linkage Disequilibrium of the MTHFR Gene in Populations of Northern Eurasia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетическое разнообразие и структура неравновесия по сцеплению гена MTHFR в популяциях Северной Евразии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонова</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremina</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремина</surname><given-names>E. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Urnov</surname><given-names>F. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урнов</surname><given-names>Ф. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><email>vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vadim.stepanov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики СО РАМН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Buryat State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бурятский государственный университет Министерства образования и науки РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>University of California</institution></aff><aff id="aff4"><institution>Томский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff id="aff5"><institution>ООО «Геномная диагностика»</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO1 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Trifonova E.A., Eremina E.R., Urnov F.D., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Трифонова E.A., Еремина E.Р., Урнов Ф.Д., Степанов В.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trifonova E.A., Eremina E.R., Urnov F.D., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трифонова E.A., Еремина E.Р., Урнов Ф.Д., Степанов В.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10634">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10634</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The structure of the haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) in 9 population groups from Northern Eurasia and populations of the international HapMap project was investigated in the present study. The data suggest that the architecture of LD in the human genome is largely determined by the evolutionary history of populations; however, the results of phylogenetic and haplotype analyses seems to suggest that in fact there may be a common “old” mechanism for the formation of certain patterns of LD. Variability in the structure of LD and the level of diversity of MTHFR haplotypes cause a certain set of tagSNPs with an established prognostic significance for each population. In our opinion, the results obtained in the present study are of considerable interest for understanding multiple genetic phenomena: namely, the association of interpopulation differences in the patterns of LD with structures possessing a genetic susceptibility to complex diseases, and the functional significance of the pleiotropic MTHFR gene effect. Summarizing the results of this study, a conclusion can be made that the genetic variability analysis with emphasis on the structure of LD in human populations is a powerful tool that can make a significant contribution to such areas of biomedical science as human evolutionary biology, functional genomics, genetics of complex diseases, and pharmacogenomics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследована структура гаплотипов и неравновесия по сцеплению (LD) в локусе метилентетрагидрофолатредуктазы (MTHFR) в девяти этнотерриториальных выборках Северной Евразии и популяциях из международного проекта HapMap. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что архитектура LD в геноме человека в значительной степени определяется эволюционной историей популяций, тем не менее, результаты гаплотипического и филогенетического анализа указывают на возможность существования общего, «древнего» механизма формирования некоторых паттернов LD. Вариабельность структуры LD и уровень гаплотипического разнообразия гена MTHFR в исследованных выборках обуславливают определенный набор tagSNPs (tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms; полиморфизмы, аллельные варианты которых маркируют гаплотипические блоки) с установленной прогностической значимостью для каждой популяции. Полученные в настоящей работе данные представляют, по нашему мнению, значительный интерес в понимании нескольких генетических феноменов: ассоциации межпопуляционных различий в характере LD со структурой наследственной предрасположенности к многофакторным заболеваниям; функциональной значимости и плейотропного «поля действия» гена MTHFR. Суммируя результаты проведенного исследования, можно заключить, что анализ генетической вариабельности с акцентом на структуру LD в популяциях человека является мощным инструментом, способным внести большой вклад в такие отрасли медико-биологической науки, как эволюционная биология человека, функциональная геномика, генетика многофакторных заболеваний и фармакогеномика.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genome</kwd><kwd>linkage disequilibrium</kwd><kwd>populations of Northern Eurasia</kwd><kwd>methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase</kwd><kwd>haplotype</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геном</kwd><kwd>неравновесие по сцеплению</kwd><kwd>популяции Северной Евразии</kwd><kwd>метилентетрагидрофолатредуктаза</kwd><kwd>гаплотип</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Federal Target-Oriented Programme “Scientific and Scientific- Pedagogical Personnel of the Innovative Russia” (Government Contract No. P321).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке ФЦП «Научные и научно-педагогические кадры инновационной России» (ГК № П321).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gamazon E.R., Zhang W., Dolan M.E., Cox N.J. // PLoS One. 2010. 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