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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10633</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2012-4-1-42-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk of HIV Infection and Lethality Are Decreased in CCR5del32 Heterozygotes: Focus Nosocomial Infection Study and Meta-analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Снижение риска инфицирования ВИЧ и летальности у гетерозигот по делеционному аллелю CCR5del32 гена хемокинового рецептора: исследование случая фокусной нозокомиальной ВИЧ-инфекции и мета-анализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borinskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боринская</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhekbaeva</surname><given-names>Zh. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожекбаева</surname><given-names>Ж. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalesov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залесов</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olseeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ользеева</surname><given-names>E. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>A. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garaev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гараев</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанович</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yankovsky</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янковский</surname><given-names>Н. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yankovsky@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Майами</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Republic of Kalmykia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения и социального развития Республики Калмыкия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Blood Centre of the Republic of Kalmykia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Центр крови Республики Калмыкия»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского РАМН</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff11"><institution>Московский физико-технический институт</institution></aff><aff id="aff12"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO1 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Borinskaya S.A., Kozhekbaeva Z.M., Zalesov A.V., Olseeva E.V., Maksimov A.R., Kutsev S.I., Garaev M.M., Rubanovich A.V., Yankovsky N.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Боринская С.A., Кожекбаева Ж.M., Залесов A.В., Ользеева E.В., Максимов A.Р., Куцев С.И., Гараев M.M., Рубанович A.В., Янковский Н.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borinskaya S.A., Kozhekbaeva Z.M., Zalesov A.V., Olseeva E.V., Maksimov A.R., Kutsev S.I., Garaev M.M., Rubanovich A.V., Yankovsky N.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боринская С.A., Кожекбаева Ж.M., Залесов A.В., Ользеева E.В., Максимов A.Р., Куцев С.И., Гараев M.M., Рубанович A.В., Янковский Н.K.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10633">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10633</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>CCR5del32 Homozygous deletion in the chemokine receptor R5 gene provides almost complete protection to individuals against HIV infection. However, data relating to the protective effect for CCR5del32 heterozygous individuals have been contradictory. The frequency of the CCR5del32 allele in population control cohorts was compared with that of a group of children (27 Kalmyks and 50 Russians) infected by G-subtype HIV-1 in a nosocomial outbreak. The frequency of the CCR5del32 allele was shown to be lower among the infected children in comparison with that of the control group; however, the difference was small and statistically insignificant. Similar results were obtained in a number of earlier studies. The insignificance of the small differences could be a result of one of two reasons. (i) The fact that there is no protective effect of the heterozygous state, and that the phenomenon depends only on the fluctuation of allele frequencies. In this case, there would be no differences even if the infected cohort is enlarged. (ii)The protective effect of the heterozygous state is real; however, the size of the studied cohort is insufficient to demonstrate it. In order to discern between these two reasons, a meta-analysis of data from 25 published articles (a total of 5,963 HIV-infected individuals and 5,048 individuals in the control group, including the authors’ own data) was undertaken. A conclusion was drawn from the meta-analysis that the CCR5del32 allele protects individuals against the HIV infection even in a heterozygous state (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.10-1.36). The risk of HIV infection for CCR5 wt/del32 heterozygotes was lower by at least 13% as compared to that for wild type CCR5 wt/wt homozygotes. Prior to this study, no data of the type or any conclusions had been published for Caucasians. The mortality rate in the 15 years following the infection was found to be approximately 40% lower for CCR5del32 heterozygotes in comparison with that for the wild type homozygotes in the studied group. The size of the studied group was insufficient to claim difference validity (OR=2.0; p= 0.705), even though the effect quantitatively matched the published data. The features of the meta-analysis influencing the threshold level and the statistical validity of the effects are being discussed. The level of the CCR5del32 protective effect on the chances to be infected with HIV and on the outcome of the HIV infection was assessed for various ethnic groups.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Делеционный аллель CCR5del32 гена хемокинового рецептора R5 в гомозиготном состоянии почти полностью предотвращает инфицирование его носителей вирусом иммунодефицита человека типа 1 (ВИЧ-1). Однако данные о влиянии гетерозиготного носительства этого аллеля на риск инфицирования противоречивы. Мы исследовали влияние гетерозиготного носительства аллеля CCR5del32 на риск инфицирования, сравнивая частоты этого аллеля в группе детей (27 калмыков, 50 русских) с нозокомиальной ВИЧ-инфекцией (G-подтип ВИЧ-1) и в популяционных контрольных группах. В группе ВИЧ-инфицированных частота аллеля CCR5del32 оказалась ниже, чем в контрольной группе, но полученные различия были незначимыми. Аналогичные результаты приведены и в ряде ранее опубликованных статей. Незначимость различий может быть обусловлена либо случайным варьированием частот аллеля в отсутствие протективного эффекта, тогда при увеличении размера выборки различия частот останутся незначимыми, либо недостаточным размером выборки при наличии протективного эффекта. Поэтому, чтобы различить эти две возможности, мы провели мета-анализ опубликованных результатов 25 исследований (всего 5963 ВИЧ-инфицированных и 5048 индивидов в контрольных группах), включая наши собственные экспериментальные данные. Анализ показал, что аллель CCR5del32 в гетерозиготном состоянии препятствует инфицированию его носителей ВИЧ-1 (OR = 1.22, CI = 1.10-1.36). Риск инфицирования гетерозигот CCR5wt/del32 не менее чем на 13% ниже по сравнению с гомозиготами CCR5wt/wt. Подобные оценки для европеоидных групп получены впервые. В исследованной нами группе уровень смертности у гетерозиготных носителей аллеля CCR5del32 через 15 лет после инфицирования был на 40.9% ниже, чем в группе лиц, не имеющих этого аллеля. Размер изученной выборки был небольшим, а различия в уровне смертности в зависимости от генотипа по полиморфизму CCR5del32 статистически незначимыми (OR = 2.0; p = 0.705), однако полученные нами оценки качественно и количественно совпадают с ранее опубликованными данными. Обсуждаются особенности проведения мета-анализа, влияющие на пороговую величину выявляемых эффектов и их статистическую значимость. Оценено влияние частот аллеля CCR5del32 на межэтнические различия в инфицируемости ВИЧ и смертности от СПИДа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>nosocomial infection</kwd><kwd>lethality risk</kwd><kwd>infection risk</kwd><kwd>chemokine receptor gene</kwd><kwd>allele CCR5del32</kwd><kwd>meta-analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>нозокомиальная инфекция</kwd><kwd>риск смерти</kwd><kwd>риск инфицирования</kwd><kwd>ген хемокинового рецептора</kwd><kwd>аллель CCR5del32</kwd><kwd>мета-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 07-04-01281а) and the Fundamental Research Programs of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences “Biological Diversity” (Subprogram “Gene Pools and Genetic Diversity”).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (проект № 07-04-01281а) и Подпрограммы «Генофонды и генетическое разнообразие» Программы Президиума РАН «Биологическое разнообразие».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bridge J., Lazarus J.V., Atun R. // AIDS. 2010. 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