Acta NaturaeActa Naturae2075-8251Acta Naturae Ltd1062910.32607/20758251-2012-4-1-23-31Review ArticleRegulation of Immunity via Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal CellsRubtsovYu. P.yrubtsov@gmail.comSuzdaltsevaYu. G.yrubtsov@gmail.comGoryunovK. V.yrubtsov@gmail.comKalininaN. I.yrubtsov@gmail.comSysoevaV. Yu.yrubtsov@gmail.comTkachukV. A.yrubtsov@gmail.comLomonosov Moscow State UniversityInstitute of Experimental Cardiology1503201241233117012020Copyright © 2012, Rubtsov Y.P., Suzdaltseva Y.G., Goryunov K.V., Kalinina N.I., Sysoeva V.Y., Tkachuk V.A.2012<p>Immune cells responsible for inflammation development are involved in tissue damage caused by wounding and various pathologies. Control of immune cell activation could be of significant benefit for regenerative medicine and the treatment of patients with autoimmune and degenerative diseases. It is a proven fact that MCSs (multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) are capable of suppressing immune responses via the inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and via the restraining of the T, B, and NK cell function in the course of autoimmune diseases and various forms of inflammation. MSCs can be isolated easily from almost every type of tissue or organ and subsequently expanded in vitro. These cells are self-renewable and can be differentiated into various cell types of mesenchymal lineage. The current review contains a collection and critical analysis of data regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cross-talk between immune cells and MSCs. Some of these mechanisms can be used for the development of new practical approaches for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.</p>immune systemmultipotent mesenchymal stromal cellsinflammationautoimmune diseaseregenerationimmune suppressionиммунная системамультипотентные мезенхимные стромальные клеткивоспалениеаутоиммунные заболеваниярегенерацияиммуносупрессия[Luria E.A., Panasyuk A.F., Friedenstein A.Y. // Transfusion. 1971. V. 11. P 345-349.][Kassem M. // Cloning Stem Cells. 2004. V. 6. P 369-374.][da Silva Meirelles L., Chagastelles P.C., Nardi N.B. // J. Cell Sci. 2006. V. 119. P 2204-2213.][Kastrinaki M.C., Andreakou I., Charbord P., Papadaki H.A. // Tissue Eng. Part C Methods. 2008. V. 14. P. 333-339.][Basciano L., Nemos C., Foliguet B., de Isla N., de Carvalho M., Tran N., Dalloul A. // BMC Cell Biol. 2011. V. 30. P. 12.][Zimmermann S., Voss M., Kaiser S., Kapp U., Waller C.F., Martens U.M. // Leukemia. 2003. V. 17. 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