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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10628</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2012-4-1-12-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular Mechanisms of Induced Pluripotency</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные механизмы индуцированной плюрипотентности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muchkaeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мучкаева</surname><given-names>И. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>izomerizaciya@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashinimaev</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашинимаев</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>izomerizaciya@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Terskikh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терских</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>izomerizaciya@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханов</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>izomerizaciya@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>izomerizaciya@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO1 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Muchkaeva I.A., Dashinimaev E.B., Terskikh V.V., Sukhanov Y.V., Vasiliev A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Мучкаева И.A., Дашинимаев Э.Б., Терских В.В., Суханов Ю.В., Васильев A.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muchkaeva I.A., Dashinimaev E.B., Terskikh V.V., Sukhanov Y.V., Vasiliev A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мучкаева И.A., Дашинимаев Э.Б., Терских В.В., Суханов Ю.В., Васильев A.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10628">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10628</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this review the distinct aspects of somatic cell reprogramming are discussed. The molecular mechanisms of generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from somatic cells via the introduction of transcription factors into adult somatic cells are considered. Particular attention is focused on the generation of iPS cells without genome modifications via the introduction of the mRNA of transcription factors or the use of small molecules. Furthermore, the strategy of direct reprogramming of somatic cells omitting the generation of iPS cells is considered. The data concerning the differences between ES and iPS cells and the problem of epigenetic memory are also discussed. In conclusion, the possibility of using iPS cells in regenerative medicine is considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор посвящен исследованиям в области репрограммирования соматических клеток. Рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы получения индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток (иПСК) с использованием лентивирусной трансфекции для введения в клетки транскрипционных факторов. Большое внимание уделено получению иПСК без генетических модификаций генома с помощью мРНК транскрипционных факторов и малых молекул. Обсуждается прямое репрограммирование соматических клеток, минуя стадию индукции плюрипотентности. Рассмотрены различия между эмбриональными стволовыми клетками и иПСК и проблема эпигенетической памяти. В заключении обсуждается возможность применения иПСК в регенеративной медицине.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reprogramming</kwd><kwd>iPS cells</kwd><kwd>ES cells</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd><kwd>transformation</kwd><kwd>pluripotency</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репрограммирование</kwd><kwd>эмбриональные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>дифференцировка</kwd><kwd>трансформация</kwd><kwd>плюрипотентность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Federal Target-Oriented Science and Technology Programme “Development in the Priority Fields of Science and Technology in 2007–2012” (Government contract No. 16.512.11.2106, code 2011-1.2-512-050-068).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана ФЦНТП «Исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям развития науки и техники на 2007–2012 годы» (Государственный контракт № 16.512.11.2106, шифр 2011-1.2-512-050-068).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Evans M.J., Kaufman M.H. // Nature. 1981. 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