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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10620</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2012-4-3-46-58</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia Pestis, the Cause of Plague: Structure, Genetics, Biological Properties</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Липополисахарид чумного микроба Yersinia pestis: структура, генетика, биологические свойства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knirel</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Книрель</surname><given-names>Ю. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>knirel@ioc.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимов</surname><given-names>A. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>knirel@ioc.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт органической химии им. Н.Д. Зелинского РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO3 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №3 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Knirel Y.A., Anisimov A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Книрель Ю.A., Анисимов A.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Knirel Y.A., Anisimov A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Книрель Ю.A., Анисимов A.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10620">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10620</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present review summarizes data pertaining to the composition and structure of the carbohydrate moiety (core oligosaccharide) and lipid component (lipid A) of the various forms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the major pathogenicity factors of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague. The review addresses the functions and the biological significance of genes for the biosynthesis of LPS, as well as the biological properties of LPS in strains from various intraspecies groups of Y. pestis and their mutants, including the contribution of LPS to the resistance of bacteria to factors of the innate immunity of both insect-vectors and mammal-hosts. Special attention is paid to temperature-dependent variations in the LPS structure, their genetic control and roles in the pathogenesis of plague. The evolutionary aspect is considered based on a comparison of the structure and genetics of the LPS of Y. pestis and other enteric bacteria, including other Yersinia species. The prospects of development of live plague vaccines created on the basis of Y. pestis strains with the genetically modified LPS are discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Приведены данные о составе и строении углеводной части (олигосахарида кора) и липидного компонента (липида А) различных форм липополисахарида (ЛПС) — одного из важных факторов патогенности чумного микроба Yersinia pestis. Рассмотрены функции и биологическая значимость генов биосинтеза ЛПС, биологические свойства ЛПС штаммов различных внутривидовых групп Y. pestis и их мутантов, включая вклад ЛПС в устойчивость бактерий к факторам врожденного иммунитета насекомых-переносчиков и млекопитающих-носителей. Особое внимание уделено температурозависимым вариациям структуры ЛПС, их генетическому контролю и роли в патогенезе чумы. Эволюционный аспект рассмотрен на основе сопоставления строения и генетики ЛПС чумного микроба и других энтеробактерий, в том числе других видов йерсиний. Обсуждаются перспективы создания живых противочумных вакцин на основе штаммов Y. pestis с генетически модифицированным ЛПС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lipopolysaccharide</kwd><kwd>lipid A</kwd><kwd>plague</kwd><kwd>Yersinia pestis</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>липополисахарид</kwd><kwd>липид А</kwd><kwd>чума</kwd><kwd>Yersinia pestis</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>антибиотикоустойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Supotnitskii M.V., Supotnitskaya N.S. Ocherki istorii chumy (Essays of the History of Plague). M.: Vuzovskaya kniga, 2006. Book 1, 468 p.; Book 2. 696 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Anisimov A.P. // Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 2002. № 3. 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